Franklin and Theodore Roosevelt Essay -- American History Presidents E

Franklin and Theodore RooseveltThroughout the ages there have been many great leading. These leaders are powerful in many ways, with a strong control over the people, and a place in history. But who would have guessed that two cousins would be some of the greatest government figures ever? Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Theodore Roosevelt, both American presidents, both American Heroes. Without these dignitaries, the American advancement into the present daylight would be incomplete and/or impossible. They gave people hope through hard times and the spirit to protect their country and one a nonher. S p e a k s o f t l y C a r r y a b i g s t i c k Theodore Teddy Roosevelt was born into a rich New York family in 1858. His childhood was filled with sickness. He soon became arouse in wildlife and nature. In 1880 he graduated Harvard. Happy with his new accomplishments he took on a wife, Alice Lee Roosevelt. Unfortunately, his mother passed away on the same day as the marriage. Heartb roken, Roosevelt moved west to the Dakota territories to hunt and explore. His first marriage was over soon afterwards. A few years later he ventured to Paris, France were he met his import wife. Back in America the Spanish- American state of war for the Southwest was in formation. Roosevelt, wife and all, headed back home. Enlisted and prepared, Roosevelt headed South. On the path to victory, Roosevelt met up with Leonard Wood, together the created the Rough Riders regiment (RRR). In 1898,the RRR, under the control of Roosevelt and Wood, lead the battle against San Juan, Puerto Rico to come out victorious. Both men returned home to a heros get happy to be alive. It was the dawning of the 20th century. William McKinley was President and Roosevelt Vice President. Under McKinley, he learned about the responsibilities of being a president. Suddenly without warning McKinley was apoplexy and drink downed. In 1901, at 42 Roosevelt became the youngest president to serve office. He dis agreed with how the nations economy was being controlled by Big Business. In his term he set about trust busting by initiating some 40 lawsuits against big businesses. It was said once that while hunting, Roosevelt came upon a bear cub. Despite the demands of his hunting partners, Roosevelt refused to kill the cub. This story touched the heart of millions. Soon cartoon strips, newspape... ...ld War II. During the war years he had not appeared often in public, but during his campaign for a 4th term in 1944 many who saw him said that he looked pale, thin, and old. The election, which resulted in his victory over New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey, was a blood line on the president. In the early spring of 1945 he went to Warm Springs, Georgia, in an effort to recapture his flagging energy. There he died of a massive rational hemorrhage on April 12, 1945. In conclusion I believe that Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a greater impact on the American Society than his cousin, Theodore Roos evelt. FDR did so much in his lifetime as president that without someone like him to get us through hard times like the Depression or World War 2, and supply new improvements in the way life is conditioned. We wouldnt be as successful as we are today. Theodore Roosevelt was also a great man, I am not saying otherwise. But FDR has the addition of four presidential terms. In fact being the only president to carry out four terms he created the cause for the 22nd amendment even after death. In turn with the addition of these two men in history we have not only changed the world but ourselves.

Anthrax :: essays research papers

1. The splenic fever bacillus is considered the first "germ" proved to cause serviceman disease. In 2001, Anthrax was deliberately spread through the postal system by sending letters with powder containing anthrax. This caused 22 cases of anthrax infection.2. Anthrax is a serious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a bacterium that forms spores. There are three types of anthraxskin (cutaneous)lungs (inhalation)digestive (gastrointestinal)3. Anthrax is not cognize to spread from one person to another.Humans can become infected with anthrax by handling products from infected living creatures or by breathing in anthrax spores from infected animal products (like wool, for example). People also can become infected with digestive anthrax by eating undercooked meat from infected animals.4. The symptoms (warning signs) of anthrax are different depending on the type of the diseaseCutaneous The first symptom is a small sore that develops into a blister. The blister then develops into a skin ulcer with a black area in the center. Gastrointestinal The first symptoms are nausea, loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea, and fever, followed by bad stomach pain. inspiration The first symptoms of inhalation anthrax are like cold or flu symptoms and can include a sore throat, mild fever and ponderosity aches. Later symptoms include cough, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, tiredness and muscle aches.5. Antibiotics are used to treat all three types of anthrax. Early identification and treatment are important. Treatment is usually a 60-day course of antibiotics. Success depends on the type of anthrax and how soon treatment begins.6. Vaccination. There is a vaccine to prevent anthrax, solely it is not yet available for the general public. 7. Those who are often exposed to animals, or those in developing countries, especially those without strong veterinary public wellness programs.8. The bacteriums destructive properties are due largely to toxins, which consist of thr ee proteins protective antigen, edema factor, and lethal factor.Protective antigen (PA) binds to select cells of an infected person or animal and forms a channel that permits edema factor and lethal factor to enter those cells.Edema factor (EF), once inside the cell, causes fluid to accumulate at the aim of infection. EF can contribute to a fatal buildup of fluid in the cavity surrounding the lungs. It also can inhibit some of the bodys immune functions.

Society MUST Understand how the Natural World Works Essay -- Argumenta

Society MUST Understand how the Natural World WorksExcept for children, few of us spend much time wondering why Nature is the way it is where the Cosmos came from, or whether it was always here or whether there are last-ditch limits to what humans know. There are even children who want to know what a black hole looks like why the sky is blue how does a aviate stay up in the air what makes the human body work and why there is a Universe. I have many opportunities to teach children at various ages and have observed that many of these children are natural born scientists. They have inquisitive little minds filled with curiosity and wonder. Provocative and insightful questions spew out them with enormous enthusiasm. I am oftentimes asked follow-up questions that have the potential to take up the whole day. These children have never heard of the image of a dumb question. I find something all together different when talking to middle and high school students. A great deal of them cal culate to get by by memorizing facts and the joy of discovery that led to those facts has gone out of them. They have lost most of the wonder, and gained little skepticism. This particular age groups of import concern is not taking up class time asking dumb questions. They are willing to accept inadequate answers and they dont ask follow-up questions. numerous of them are more concerned with the placement of the hands on the clock and when the school bell is going to ring. The middle and high school classrooms are often saturated with indirect glances to judge the approval of their peers. As a graduate student, it is frightening to see the same behavior acted out in upper-level college courses. The minus glances from those who lack respect for learning defi... ..., drive to learn things and then to exchange the information with others (239). I understand the natural world to be an absolutely subjective tool for any society with a hope of surviving the next century. It is of tre mendous importance that we take responsibility as parents and teachers and start generating critical, curious, and imaginative students. The worlds involve and deserves a society with a basic understanding of how the natural world works. Works CitedBishop, J. Thomas. Enemies of Promise. In the Presence of Others Voices That Call for Response. Second Edition. Andrea A. Lundsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. St. Martins Press. New York, 1997. 26-261. Thomas, Lewis. The Hazards of Science. In the Presence of Others Voices That Call for Response. Second Edition. Andrea A. Lundsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz. St. Martins Press. New York, 1997. 239.

Life and Death in Frosts Stopping by Woods and Thomas Do Not Go Gentl

Life and Death in Frosts Stopping by forest and Thomas Do Not Go Gentle Robert Frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening and Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night reflect deeply on both support and dying. Frost interprets death as rest and peace from a hard and deserving life sentence, whereas Thomas depicts death as an early end to an unfulfilled life. verso to Thomass four characters who rage against death because of its premature arrival, Frosts speaker accepts death precisely is inclined to live for promises therefore both Frost and Thomas choose life over death, but for conflicting reasons. Robert Frosts deeply-rooted beliefs in nature influence him to view death positively. Through enticing images of solitude and relaxation and peaceful diction, Frost explains wherefore nature and death coincide. Frost makes mysteries, such as death, resolve into the natural and suddenly the mysterious becomes simple (Nicholl 194). His choice to use darkest evening of the year helps to tack together the mystery surrounding death, but the simplicity of the character and the scenery bring death closer to nature suddenly the absolute is brought near, and made almost palpable (Nicholl 194). The individual man encountering woods that are beautiful, dark, and deep create a contradiction of feelings that intertwine the mystery and simplicity of death. The dark and deep foreshadow the fears and enigmas of dying. The lovely negates the anxiety and demonstrates the excitement and desire to die. Though death seems scary and unknown, it is also wonderful and peaceful to the central character. The traveler appears desiring a rest and death is an please choice. With pleasant images as easy wind and downy flake, the man becomes a... ...ngness (Roberts 378). Frost?s traveler is faced with a choice of life or death and chooses life not to attain grandeur but to keep promises. Thomas?s four kinds of men maintain the right to fight against death for life, but onl y because life is too short and greatness is yet to be achieved. Frost induces that death should be embraced because it is synonymous with sleep, whereas Thomas concludes that death should be contend due to its hindrance of achievements, but similarly both Frost and Thomas choose the alternative of life to that of death. Works CitedFrost, Robert. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Julia Reidhead. 5th ed. 2 vols. New York Norton, 1998.Thomas, Dylan. ?Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night.? Sound and Sense. Eighth edition. Ed. Laurence Perrine. Orlando Harcourt Brace, 1992.

Characterization In A Classic Novel Essay -- essays research papers

Characterization in a Classic NovelMary Shellys Frankenstein is the story of a scientist, Victor Frankenstein, and his involve to create life from death. Frankensteins experiment goes dreadfully wrong and he is forced to flee from the monster he created. Throughout this novel, Frankenstein is characterized by his extreme intelligence, disbelief and withdrawn behavior, and remorse.In the beginning of this novel, it is clearly stated that Victor has a love for knowledge. It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I desired to learn and whether it was the outward spirit and the mysterious soul of man that occupies me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in its highest sense, that physical secrets of the world, (37). Victor is educated but self-taught in his favorite subjects. He begins development books dealing only with science and describes himself as, always having been imbued with a fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature, (39). When Victor is o ld enough, he attends college in Ingolstadt. At Ingolstadt, Victor becomes concerned in chemistry and the human body. Frankenstein decides to create a human being in hopes that he will be able to restore life to the dead. It is manifest that Victor dislikes groups of people. During his childhood, he has one friend who remains close to him throughout his life. Instead of talking to his friend or family when...

Characterization In A Classic Novel Essay -- essays research papers

Characterization in a Classic NovelMary Shellys Frankenstein is the boloney of a scientist, Victor Frankenstein, and his quest to create life from death. Frankensteins experiment goes dreadfully wrong and he is forced to flee from the monster he created. end-to-end this novel, Frankenstein is characterized by his extreme intelligence, skepticism and withdrawn behavior, and remorse.In the beginning of this novel, it is clearly stated that Victor has a love for knowledge. It was the secrets of heaven and earth that I want to learn and whether it was the outward nature and the mysterious soul of man that occupies me, still my inquiries were directed to the metaphysical, or in its highest sense, that physical secrets of the world, (37). Victor is educated but self-taught in his favorite subjects. He begins reading books dealing only with science and describes himself as, always having been imbued with a fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature, (39). When Victor is old enou gh, he attends college in Ingolstadt. At Ingolstadt, Victor becomes interested in chemistry and the human body. Frankenstein decides to create a human being in hopes that he will be sufficient to restore life to the dead. It is apparent that Victor dislikes groups of people. During his childhood, he has one friend who remains close to him throughout his life. Instead of talking to his friend or family when...

Crossing: Fiction and Story Essay

When we hear the title Crossing it will give us a jot of someone who is still crossing something. This is due to the ing-form because this form will always give us a feeling of an uncompleted or unfinished action. The absolutely on the wholeegory Crossing is by Mark Slouka who is an American novelist and critic. A relationship between a father and a son is the starting point of the humbug besides it has many other angles too. We live in a post-modern society which operator we break a standoff of traditional norms and we are beyond the sphere of fixed boundaries. Many signs indicate that the main character of this stage is a modern man too.The modern man is a father of a half-size boy and is divorced with the childs mum. It seems very bring that he is the savvy to their divorce which can be seen in this quotation when he seemed at her she shook her head and looked away and at that moment he thought, maybemaybe he could make this right. ( P. 2, ll. 19-20). The man is ver y depressed which is probably because of the divorce. He wants to make it up and he cares a lot about his child which is mentioned in the two following quotations below when the boy came running into the living path he threw him over his shoulder, careful not to hit his head on the corner of the TV (P.2, ll. 16-17) It would take a little while, nevertheless hed be able to see him the whole time. (P. 3, ll. 44-45) Both of the quotations show us that he is a caring father and this can also be the reason to, why he wants to make it up with his ex-wife. The father wants to pass his childhood memories on to his child and one of them is jaunts to the river with his own father and these jaunts mean a lot to him and its why he wants to pass the memories on. When they arrive to the place with the river and the barn he realise that the river is bigger than he has expected. He considers to cancel the jaunt but he says that he has nowhere else to go.This consideration can be a symbolic repre sentation of that he is in a middle of something in his life which means that he cant turn back but that he has to look forward. It can probably be in the connection with his relationship. He is in the middle of their problem and he cant go back in time and make it up but he can look forward and hope for the best. The barn on the other side of the river is described in a very strange way. It is compared to rib cage and skeleton but in between these strange descriptions, the place is also described as a wonderful place with, for instance herds of elk.During the whole story, we get the feeling of that something in truth bad is going to happen because of the suspense composition. This composition is only possible with particular settings in the story. Rain, mist, the strange barn and other depressive and strange settings are all sign of that something bad is on its way. At one point the situation gets really bad and the river is about to swallow the man and his child, the river is per sonified which can be seen in the following quote The river. It wanted to be whole, unbroken.It wanted him gone. He could see it, forming and re-forming, thick-walled jade, smoothing out its sides with its thumbs like a hypnotized potter. (ll. 134-145) The sad mood during the whole story can be a symbol of his life and how he feels when he is alone without his wife. The themes of the story are therefore absolutely loneliness and phase change, because he is about to pass/go into a new phase in his life. All the characters are mentioned as anonym persons, which means nobody in the story has a name.The characters are therefore not individual persons but they are reduced roles in the mans life. The bank clerk of the story knows how the man feels , what he thinks and as reader we see everything from his perspective. This kind of narrator is called third person limited narrator and the mans point of view. Its called limited narrator because we are not allowed to hear the boys thoughts a nd feelings. The end of the story is open which means the reader has no idea what is going on and its up to the reader to decide which ending the story will match.This is also the reason for the title crossing. As a reader you will not know what is going on after the story ends. Slouka, the author leave the characters in the river in between the secure, the wonderful place and the insecure, dangerous river. This could be the symbol of the mans life. He has to pass many bad things to get a part life as he has before. The man is a clear sign of a modern man, who is divorced with his wife, he cant complete his jaunt with his son and he has to fight to get a better life.

Medicine Is Not Always The Answer Essay

For as far back as one could remember, using medicine to fix an ailment has forever and a day been the right thing to do. Runny nose? Take something for it. Scratchy throat? Take something for it. If whats being taken doesnt help, take something stronger It is never implied to let a cold run its course. The exact same thing happens when a child is diagnosed with ADHD. Medication is one of the first things that is suggested to bid the symptoms of ADHD. Children who own been labeled as having ADHD are almost uncontrollable and it practices a strain on the parents, teachers and doctors who are already overworked and exhausted.However, music brings on a plethora of new(prenominal) issues. When attempting to fineness a child for ADHD, medicine, especi completelyy stimulants, shouldnt be the first option. A child who is given stimulant medicines to combat the symptoms of ADHD can look fore to nerve center related issues, additional health problems and the possibility of the medic ine regimen non being successful.Stimulant drugs are almost always used to look at the symptoms that a child is experiencing after being diagnosed as having ADHD. Stimulants are designed to increase the attention span of a person while decreasing their impulsiveness. With any of this, stimulants potentially affect the heart. These medications cause sudden death in children and adults that mostly have existing heart issues. One side effect of stimulants relative to heart issues is racing heartbeat. Stimulants cause the heart to race and go away eventually cause death if it isnt controlled in a timely manner. In addition, stimulants also cause the blood pressure to become elevated. Elevated blood pressure weakens the heart. Using stimulants in a child that may have ADHD has been proven to not be as safe as it was initially thought.Now, because of the stimulant medicines, the child has the potential to experience other health issues. Some of the more common health issues that occ ur as a result of using stimulant medicines are headaches, upset stomach, nausea, depression and difficulty sleeping. in all of these other additional health issues will need to be addressed. The child will have to take something for the nausea and the headache and the insomnia that they are now experiencing. So the initial stimulant medication is tweaked to experiment to ruleout side effects and then theyre on three or four medications. Is it ever considered that these stimulant medications can do more disability than good? None of these things seem to be considered when deciding to just medicate the symptoms. This doesnt help the situation at all. Potentially you have a child whos been misdiagnosed, is now on medication for it and now hes on medication for the side effects.At the end of all of this you have a parent who is now overwhelmed. What could possibly happen now? According to Christian Science Monitor, ADHD is Problematic. After generations of research, there is still n o hear for ADHD, nor is there a standard diagnostic measure within the profession (Christian Science Monitor, 2013). When the parents and the doctors of a child who has symptoms of ADHD have tried stimulant medicines and zip fastener has works, what can be done? Having a medicine regime that is unsuccessful is definitely a very strong possibility.What happens when the medication route becomes unsuccessful? All medicines dont work for everybody. What does a parent do when theyve taken the doctors advice to medicate their child and end up doing more harm than good? Medicating a child is not necessarily a guaranteed solution. This is one of the main reasons that medicine should not be the first choice when attempting to treat the symptoms of ADHD. Medicating a child is not a guaranteed fix for dealing with ADHD.When making the decision to address ADHD and children, dont rush to do so. Sometimes other medical conditions or even normal childhood behaviors can be mistaken for ADD/ADHD symptoms, so be sure to eliminate all other possible causes before considering medication for your child (Help Guide, 2013). Is medicating the symptoms of ADHD really the answer? Unfortunately, medication will not cure this disorder. Medication is designed to control the symptoms of the disorder. Medicating a child should be a last ditch effort when dealing with ADHD.Choosing to medicate a child brings on several different, complex issues. spirit related issues, additional health problems as well as an unsuccessful medicine regimen are all real issues when choosing to deal with medicating the symptoms of ADHD. Considering the use of medication is very risky. There should be other avenues that are considered when attempting to address dealing with ADHD in a child. Giving a child love, affection and mostly attention, should alwaysbe one of the first things to try when dealing with a child that could possibly have ADHD. Its not the childs rupture that his parents are overwhelmed wit h life.

Gender and Translation Essay

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of the sexuality of the translator on the true statement of the definition, and to determine whether there is any diversity among the translations done by female and male translators in foothold of translation accuracy. Two English nary(prenominal)els and two translations for each, one done by a female and the other by a male translator, were selected. Each translation was comp ared with its tooth root text edition, sentence by sentence, and based on some certain(p) categories, their remote renderings affecting the mind of the ST, and in fact affecting the translation accuracy, were extracted.The total builds of the observed out or keeping(p) renderings of each host of the female and male translators were counted. Having examine the data and having applied some statistical analyses, the looker disc everywhereed that the answer to the research question was negative and the null hypothesis of the research was sup ported. Key wrangling gender, accuracy, mutedness, politeness, dominance 1. Introduction Every process of translation involves at least two wrangles and one centre, which layabout be called form and meaning.In fact, the meaning is the message which is transferred by various features and it is the task of the translator to transfer the meaning of the ST into the TT. So, depending on antithetic factors affecting the translators perfor humance and the way the message is conveyed, different translations will be produced. Gender of the translator is one of the factors that may affect the product of the translator, and the accuracy of translation is an important feature in evaluating any translated text. This research aimed to work on the unlikenesss which might exist in terms of the accuracy betwixt the translations done by male and female translators.Thus, the research question was as follows Is there any loss between the translations done by female and male translators in term s of translation accuracy? In order to look into the above work forcetioned research question, the following hypothesis was developed in that location is no difference between the translations done by female and male translators in terms of translation accuracy. 2. Gender, Language, Accuracy and Translation 2. 1. Gender and Language Language, socially and personally, is a signifi wadt part of mans identity.Language and gender are conjugate and developed through with(predicate) mans participation in every day social practice. It is proved through various investigations that the languages of custody and women are in reality different (Holmes 1995 1). In the past, women were invisible, yet today they believe that they possess a different voice, different psychology, different experience of love, etc. and also different goal from that of men (Coates 1997 13). Many studies have been conducted so far, regarding the role of the gender as a determinant of linguistic usage (Stockwel l 2002 16).According to Stockwell (2002 16), today the term genderlect is apply to refer to the different lexical and grammatical choices which are characteristically made by males and females e. g. women in their intercourses use grass certain color term, frequent certain evaluative adjectives, not sure intonation, tag phrases and super-polite declareions, much(prenominal) as euphemism, less swearing and more indirect words. Some of their language differences proved through various investigations are as follows women are believed to be the talkative and gossiping sex (Graddol & Swann 1992 70).Women speak softly, whereas men speak loud and such differences in the voices affect to their physical sexual differences moreover, men are thought to be stronger and bigger than women (Graddol & Swann 1992 13). custody use I, swear words and taboo ones more than women, and in order to continue the conversation and show the certainty, women use more hedges, expressions such as Im sure, you know, perhaps (Coates 1997 116, 126). According to Jepersen (cited in Coates 1997 20), since women start talking without having thought, they are much more often break off than men without finishing their sentences.It is believed that women talk, compliment others and also apologize more than men do moreover, in conversations women usually do not interrupt mens words and they wait until they finish their talk (Holmes 1995 2). Also, as Graddol and Swann (1992 92) believe women talk more politely than men. But what is the linguistic definition of the concept of politeness? Politeness should be demanded as an expression of concern for the feelings of others (Holmes 1995 4).Holmes (1995 6) believes that women are more bear on about the feelings of those to whom they are talking and they speak more explicitly than men also, he says that women are considered as the members of the subordinate group, so they have to be polite. In mixed conversations, women use the minimal responses mo re than men and at appropriate moment, while men use such words less and often with hold water to show their dominance and the powerlessness of the gender to which they talk (Coates 1997 116). As mentioned before, men interrupt more than women and it is because they think they are more dominated and powerful (Coates 1997 110).There is an idea that powerlessness is a feminine characteristic (cited in Graddol & Swann 1992 91, 92). DeVault (2002 90) believes that the concept of mutedness does not imply that women are silent. According to Coates (1997 35), for centuries women were considered in a muted group and this was the desired state of them so this belief that women talk too much is because of this fact that they are required to express themselves to the dominant group of men and talk to them, so that they can be heard by them and this talking is against their mutedness.Consequently, women are considered as the subordinate group and men as the dominant one, and for this reason, f emales are doing their best in order to be heard by the society and express their abilities to males. But regarding their translations, it must be said since translation is the product of mans language, it must have the homogeneous characteristics as that of language. So, every translation must reflect the characteristics of the language of its translator. 2. 2. Translation and AccuracyIn the process of translating a text, the message of the captain should be preserved in the translation and this shows the fidelity or loyalness of the translator to the original text. Beekman and Callow (1989 33) believe that a faithful translation is the one which transfers the meaning and the dynamics of the original text and by transferring the meaning, they mean that the translation conveys the ST information to the TT reader. According to Beekman and Callow (1989 34), just now as the translator correctly understands the message, can he begin to be faithful, and it is only then that he can tr anslate clearly & accurately.In fact, faithfulness and fidelity are two terms which show how much the TT reconstructs the ST. Some translation theorists believe that the translation should be evaluated by considering its ST as the yardstick (Manafi Anari 2004 34, vol. 2, no. 5). Manafi Anari (2004 41, vol. 1, no. 4) defines accuracy as the exactitude or precision of the meaning conveyed and in fact it implies conformity of translation with the original text in terms of fact or truth.Also, he defines accurate translation as a translation which is the reproduction of the message of the ST (Manafi Anari 2004 34, vol. 2, no. 5). Newmark (1996 111) believes that in translating a text, the accuracy relates to the SL text, all to the authors meaning, or to the objective truth that is encompassed by the text, etc. According to the discussion above, accuracy can be considered as one of the representations of the faithfulness in translation, i. e. showing how accurately the translator has ma naged to reproduce the message of the ST into the TL.Larson (1984 485) believes that in every translation, accuracy, clearness and whiteness are of the great importance. Regarding the translation accuracy, she believes that in some cases, when the translator tries to get the meaning of the ST and convey it to the TT, s/he may make some mistakes, either in the analysis of the ST, or in the process of conveying the meaning, and a different meaning may result then, there is a need for a careful check regarding the accuracy of the translation.According to Khomeijani Farahani (2005 77-78) based on what Larson proposed in 1984, the process of evaluating the accuracy of translation can be done in 2 possible ways one way is recognizing the key words of the ST and their equivalences in the TT and comparing how close they are i. e. determining whether the translator could convey the same and exact meaning of the ST by selecting the best target equivalents and whether s/he could achieve an ac ceptable accuracy or not.Another way is using linchpin translation i. e. translating the TLT into the SL, then, carrying out a contrastive analysis and if the retranslated text is reasonably close to the SLT, the translation has got the acceptable accuracy. Also, Waddington (2001 313) has proposed a translation quality assessment method acting based on Hurtados (1995) model Waddingtons Method A introduces three groups of mistakes which may exist in a translation.The first group of the mistakes, which consider the understanding of the ST message, is related to the accuracy of the translation it contains inappropriate renderings affecting the understanding of the source text and divides them into eight categories contresens, faux sens, nonsens, addition, omission, unresolved extralinguistic references, loss of meaning, and inappropriate linguistic variation (register, style, dialect, etc. ).Consequently, the term translation accuracy refers to the translators understanding of the mes sage of the ST and that how accurately the translator has managed to translate a text from one language into another. 2. 3. Gender and Translation Through re take hold ofing the languages applied by women and men, and also by studying various aspects of their lives, it is revealed that women are considered as the subordinate group and men as the dominant one. Hence, it is for this reason that in recent decades, females are doing their best in order to be heard by the society and express their abilities to males.Over the past several decades and after the womens movement, gender issues got involved in the language issues meanwhile the translation studies developed more and more (von Flotow 1997 1). Regarding the translation, it can be assumed that since translation is the product of the language of the human being, it might have the same characteristics as those of language. So, every translation might reflect the characteristics of the language of its translator. According to von Fl otow (1997 5), gender refers to the socio heathen construction of both sexes.During 1960s-1970s, feminist thinkers discussed socialized difference between women and men and the cultural and political powerlessness of these two genders (von Flotow 1997 5). to the highest degree the concept of gender, Sherry Simon (1996 5) believes that gender is an element of identity and experience which, like other cultural identities, takes form through social consciousness.By reviewing the history of translation, we can discover that always there have been well-known debates over how best to be faithful then, it is not astonishing that fidelity in translation has been consistently defined in terms of gender and sexuality (Chamberlain, cited in Baker 1998 93). For a long time, translation has been employed to explain womens actions in public, and as von Flotow (1997 12) has referred to Marguerito Duras, women lived in darkness for centuries, they did not even know themselves very well then, while entering the public atmosphere, they had to translate what they mean.As claimed by Arteaga (1994 2, cited in Simon 1996 134), cultural and linguistic histories of every nation demonstrate the relationship between self and other at present, in cultural studies, translation is considered as a fiction expressing the increasing internationalization of cultural production as well as the fate of those who struggle between two worlds and two languages.According to Simon (1996 134-135), marginalized group view translation as a essence through which they can establish themselves in the culture and language of the dominant groups women attempt to translate themselves into the mens language and migrants try to translate their past experiences into the present. It is because of the sense of not being at home within idioms of power that has made many women and also migrants, such as Salman Rushdie, to believe themselves as being translated beings (Rushdie 1991 13, cited in Simon 1996 135).Tra nslator and translation have been considered as marginalized, since some have believed that the original text has got superiority over the translation and that the translation is just an equivalent of the original and it is not an original in itself (Hatim & Munday 2004 200). Historically, translation has been considered as a secondary and degraded version of composition (Simon 1996 39).As Simon (1996 39) states, it has been appeared as a great instrument for women providing them to step into the world of publications and writing translation helps women to express themselves through their writings and translations for long, women have been confine to just translate and they have been only permitted to enter this specific secondary regularise of writing they have been forced to stand outside the borders of the dominant zone of writing and not been allowed to enjoy the position of authorship.Feminism and translation are both considered in the category of secondariness and both are served as instruments for the critical understanding of differences as it is described in language (Simon 1996 8). The aim of feminist translation theory is to determine and to criticize the concepts of inferiority of women and translation, in both society and literature for this purpose, the process through which translation has come to be feminized should be explored and the structures of authority maintaining such association should be troubled (Simon 1996 1).By the passage of time, and through the achievements create by feminists and their movements, women could express themselves and their abilities in society, and in fact, they could establish their identities in the world just as Simon says, feminism has also reordered lines of cultural transmission (Simon 1996 84). By means of translation, translators often females have created new ways of exchange besides, they have opened new translation markets, and according to Simon (1996 84), in addition to the conceptual challengi ng of translation tropes, feminism has worked to establish new intellectual connections.3. Methodology The researcher compared some Persian translations with their English originals to discover whether there is any prodigious difference between the translations of the male and female translators in terms of translation accuracy. So, a comparative descriptive approach was adopted. In fact, this research was conducted through a descriptive corpus-based method. As the corpus of the study, two English novels and two translations for each, i. e. one by a male and another by a female translator, were compared regarding their accuracy.The researcher considered about ten thousand words of each English novel and compared the original sentences with their Persian translations. The titles of the novels and their translations were as follows ( Austen, J. (1813), reprinted 2003. Pride and Prejudice. Bantam Classic New York. ( . ? . . . ? 1385. ( . ? . . . 1386. ( Bronte, E. (1847), reprinted 2003. Wuthering Heights. Bantam Classic New York. ( . ( ). . . 1386. ( . ( ). . . 1385. 4. information Analysis In order to discover whether male translators translate more accurately than female translators and to find out whether there is any significant difference between the accuracy of the translations of these two genders, the researcher chose two English novels and she compared the first 10000 words of each novel with their two translations, one done by a male and the other by a female translator.Here, the unit of the analysis was sentence i. e. the researcher compared each sentence of the source text with its certain translation according to the first part of Waddingtons Method A (2001 313) which is related to translation accuracy and contains the eight categories of the inappropriate renderings which affect the understanding of the source text contresens, faux sens, nonsens, addition, omission, unresolved extralinguistic refere nces, loss of meaning, and inappropriate linguistic variation (register, style, dialect, etc.).Examples below show the way the researcher analyzed the translations. Here, there are * MT1 male translator of the school text 1 *FT1 female translator of the Text 1 * MT2 male translator of the Text 2 *FT2 female translator of the Text 2 Examples are as follows ( But to be candid without ostentation or fancy to take the good of everybodys character and make it settle down better, and say nothing of the bad belongs to you alone. (Text 2/ Sentence 220) ( (FT2) ? ? ? ? . ( Faux sens make it still better ( rise to power ? / ? / ( Omission character/ or design ( (MT2) ? ? . ( Faux sens ostentation / to make it still better ( Addition ? / ( Omission character( They could not every day sit so grim, and incommunicative and it was impossible, however, ill-tempered they might be, that the universal scowl they wore was their everyday countenance. (Text 1/ Sentence 159) ( (FT1) ? . ? ? . ( Addition ? / ?/ ( Omission sit/ countenance/ universal/ they wore ( (MT1) ? . ? ? . ( Fauxs sens grim ( Addition / / ? / ? ( Omission they wore/ universal The researcher computed and then presented the number of the frequencies of each category of the translations in the following tables MT1 Contresens Fauxsens Nonsens Addition Omission Unresolved Extralinguistic References Loss of intend contrasted linguistic form Total Frequency 3 169 0 217 193 3 32 11 628 Percentage 1 47 0 60 53 1 9 3 - Table 1 MT1s Inappropriate Renderings.FT1 Contresens Fauxsens Nonsens Addition Omission Unresolved Extralinguistic References Loss of Meaning Inappropriate Linguistic Variation Total Frequency 3 136 0 163 151 12 25 2 492 Percentage 1 38 0 45 42 3 7 1 - Table 2 FT1s Inappropriate Renderings MT2 Contresens Fauxsens Nonsens Addition Omission Unresolved Extralinguistic References Loss of Meaning Inappropriate Linguistic Variation Total Frequency 1 136 0 139 171 16 44 62 569 Percentage 0 36 0 37 45 4 12 16 - Table 3 MT2s Inappropriate Renderings.FT2 Contresens Fauxsens Nonsens Addition Omission Unresolved Extralinguistic References Loss of Meaning Inappropriate Linguistic Variation Total Frequency 3 169 2 204 201 4 67 11 661 Percentage 1 45 1 54 53 1 18 3 - Table 4 FT2s Inappropriate Renderings 5. Discussion Regarding the translations of the Text 1, the researcher found that the female translator translated more accurately than the male translator, since the number of the observed inappropriate renderings of MT1 was more than that of FT1.But regarding the Text 2, the researcher got an opposite result i. e. she discovered that the male translator translated more accurately than the female translator, for the number of the inappropriate renderings of FT2 was more than that of MT2. So, based on the different findings obtained fro m the analysis of the Text 1 and Text 2, the researcher discovered there is no significant difference between the translations done by the female and male translators in terms of translation accuracy.6. Conclusion According to the data analysis and findings obtained through studying inappropriate rendering cases affecting the understanding of the ST, and in fact, affecting the accuracy of their translations, which occurred in the translations of the male and the female translators, it was proved that there is no significant difference between the translations done by male and female translators in terms of translation accuracy. Thus, the null hypothesis of this research was supported.Here, it is concluded that the gender of the translator plays no significant role in the accuracy of the translation, and that it cannot be said whether female translators translate more accurately than male translators or vice versa. So, this study proved that the gender of the translator cannot be con sidered as a determinant factor in examining the translation accuracy. References Baker, Mona. (ed. ) (1998). The Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London and New York Routledge. Beekman, John. and J.Callow. (1989). Translating the Word of God. Zondervan Publishing House. Coates, Jennifer (1997). Women, Men and Language (A Sociolinguistic Account of Gender Differences in Language). 2nd Edition. London and New York Longman. DeVault, Marjorie. L. (2002). Talking and Listening from Womens Standpoint Feminist Strategies for Interviewing and Analysis. Darin Weinberg, (ed. ) qualitative Research Methods. Massachusetts Blackwell Publishers Inc. , 88-111. Graddol, David. and J. Swann. (1992). Gender Voice.Cambridge Blackwell Publishers Inc. Hatim, Basil. and J. Munday. (2004). Translation An Advanced Resource Book. London and New York Routledge. Holmes, Janet. (1995). Women, Men and Politeness. London and New York Longman. Khomeijani Farahani, Aliakbar. (2005). A Framework for Translation rating. Translation Studies, 3 (9), 75-87. Larson, Mildred. L. (1984). Meaning-based Translation A Guide to Cross-language Equivalence. Lanham/New York/London University Press of America. Manafi Anari, Salar. (2004).A Functional-Based Approach to Translation Quality Assessment. Translation Studies, 1 (4), 31-52. (2004). Accuracy and Naturalness in Translation of Religious Texts. Translation Studies, 2 (5), 33-51. Newmark, Peter. (1996). About Translation. Clevedon/Philadelphia/Adelaide Multilingual Matters Ltd. Simon, Sherry. (1996). Gender in Translation Cultural Identity and the political sympathies of Transmission. London and New York Routledge. Stockwell, Peter. (2002). Sociolinguistics A Resource Book for Students. London and New York Routledge.von Flotow, Luise. (1997). Translation and Gender Translating in the Era of Feminism. Manchester St. Jerome Publishing. Waddington, Christopher. (2001). Different Methods of Evaluating Student Translations The oppugn of Validity. Meta, XLVI (2), 311-325. Also, available from http//www. erudit. org/revue/meta/2001/v46/n2/004583ar. pdf Accessed May 5, 2007. 1 Contact Number 09123274659 2 Contact Number 09124017793, 02133793821 E-mail Address maliheh. ghodratigmail. com

Positive and Negative Sides to Religion

Positive and Negative sides to religion All religions have unity goal for society which is to unite them with a divine reality. People desire this type of reality that exists in tot onlyy organized religions. Eastern and Western religions all share another commonality which are rituals, prayers, stories somewhat a divine being and symbols. Organized religions have varied attributes. Though the goal is common the building and rules vary from religion to religion. Organized religion has a positive effect on most people beca map of the structure and consistency.It gives a importationful purpose to terrene life. People who pray are healthier, less apt to do drugs, or even smoke cigarettes (Fisher, 2005). The power of prayer also helps lower blood pressure, promotes healing, and maintains health in the individuals who pray on a daily basis Medical researchers have done studies on the power of prayer and healing with heart patients. They anchor those who prayed on a daily had a sho rter healing time than those who chose not to pray.There is a negative side to organized religion. Certain groups that have misconstrued the truth about what religion is and use that to manipu late(a) others into thinking their way. By using charisma to brainwash others into thinking that their version of religion is the only way promotes violence against others. Fundamentalists use the outside of the religion to promote their beliefs. The religion of Islam teaches their followers to promote peaceful existence there are extremists that teach violence and oppression.Even in Christianity also has fundamentalists and extremists that hold out cults and brainwash others into believing that their way is the only way. This manipulation and oppression is justified because of the charisma that the heretics use. People who are lost in life, that they do not endure anywhere in society are targets because of their vulnerability by these so-called religious leaders. The example that comes to m ind is the Jim Jones incident in Johannesburg South Africa. Jim Jones was a magnetised man whom had followers that brainwashed and manipulated to believe he was Messiah.He convinced all his followers to drink poisoned Kool aid in the belief that they were the chosen ones and were going to heaven. Unfortunately, all those necessitous people died because they just wanted to believe in a higher power. Not all magnetic religious leaders are manipulating. The late Reverend Billy Graham was a charismatic personality that empowered people to believe in God and good things will happen. He did not use the power of manipulation or oppression to obtain followers. He spoke the true word of God and used the positive aspects of religion to his segregation.Many charismatic religious leaders have made certain impacts in organized religion. The fundamentalists try to enforce the negative aspects of religion by using the outside meaning instead that, which is taught from the holy scripture. The hol y scripture of each religion should promote love, well being, and unity. When this is manipulated and the fundamentalists misuse what is originally intended causes not only harm to innocent people but society itself.Reference Fisher 2005 Chapter 1 pages 1-30

Explain Why It Is Difficult to Talk Meaningfully About God Essay

Religious language is defined as the communication of ideas about divinity fudge, faith, belief and practice. This definition makes it intemperate to talk meaningfully about it as each of these words have concepts behind them and each and every individual interprets these divergently, so religious language is different to everyday language, as it only denotes to an individuals belief and faiths traditions.There are also many problems with religious language as a firm as it anthropomorphises deity, by using terminology such as Him King and Shepherd this is limiting and subjects God to have human qualities, which is against what The Bible wants to portray God as. Also another problem is that some think that religious language is cognitive, thus something must be known about God to talk meaningfully about it.Yet this creates the problem that religious statements are not about objective facts that can be proved true or false exactly are answers to questions that are unable to be val idated, as they are based on objective facts that are open to cognition. These issues have led to religious believers to let out slipway in which they can talk about God in a meaningful way and the opposite as non-believers are searching for ways to render religious language meaningless.A group of philosophers called the logical positivists who as a group did not seek to understand how we gain knowledge of the outside(a) world, plainly how we use language to convey it. They believed that everything that can be verified is meaningful. Thus the validation principle was developed which stated that if it could be empirical tested by the five senses then it was meaningful, for example, a house is made of gingerbread, is meaningless as it can be proved false by taking treasure samples from the house. Yet this causes a problem when talking about philosophical and religious aspects.The logical positivists thought it was pointless to talk about art, music, ethic and God as it could nev er be verified, so couldnt be rendered true or false. Therefore it is meaningless as it is used to consider things beyond the human determine and this creates the impossibility to understand to meaning of anything being said. A. J. Ayer a logical positivist introduces two types of verification, strong and weak, to deal with the acceptation of scientific and historical propositions which are fight to regard as meaningful ornot. Strong verification is when there is absolute no doubt that a statement is true, as it is verified through with(predicate) with(predicate) sense, for example, It is sunny today. Yet weak verification occurs when some of the observations are not conclusively true or false, for example, humans are made of atoms as this may be accepted by people who were at the time of the discovery, also future scientific statements are verified by the weak, as they pull up stakes only be affirmed in the future not at present.The falsification principle created by Flew, stat ed that religious statements are meaningless as there nothing which can count against a religious believer, as they will not count or accept any of the evidence against their faith. reprimand dies the death of a thousand qualifications. For example Flew used the story of a father of a terminally ill child, prayed for God to make their child better, but the child died, the father qualifies this by saying it was Gods decision and maybe Gods deal is not merely human love.Tillich believed that religious language was meaningful as it was conveyed through metaphors and symbols, however philosophers such as Paul Edwards thought that revelation could not be portrayed through the verification principle using empirical evidence therefore symbols dont elude any factual knowledge, and are meaningless. Another critique of Tillich is that he stated that metaphors and symbols can be mistranslated and over time the original meaning may have been lost or forgotten therefore considering symbols mea ningless as the meaning may have been changed from what was originally intended to represent.Also with the criticism that symbols can be interpreted in any way the individual wants to, this is demising the supreme truth of reality it is trying to convey as it may point in a different direction as to which was also originally intended. Overall, the verification and the falsification principles argue that it is not possible to talk about God meaningful way as it is not possible to prove the existence of God of go verify any of the statements related to God.

Of Mice and Men Relationships

The novel Of mice and Men is written by John Steinbeck, set in the 1930s, America, during the Great Depression. The alkali of the novel is of 2 men (George and Lennie) Steinbeck introduces the two characters, George and Lennie, in the opening section of the novel. From this dialogue-You drink some, George- the reader is able to establish an understanding of the two characters relationship. One stayed posterior the other, is the first indication that one take more of a lead in the relationship than the other, and more evidence to support this Lennie imitated him exactly. Steinbeck goes on to describe the first man to be small and quick, whereas behind him walked his opposite, a huge man. It would be thought the larger man would lead, to protect. The two men are described as Both were dressed in denim trousers and in denim coats and both carried tight blanket rolls.This shows they are convertible in the way they are both itinerant workers. However they differ with behavior George is explained to have sharp features, and Lennie to be his opposite shapeless of face. Steinbeck uses their appearance to show how completely different they are with e verything, George has a sharp, quick mind, while on the other hand Lennie is rather simple minded. Steinbeck presents George and Lennies relationship very much like that of a father and sons.George looks after Lennies work card as George knows Lennie well enough not to trust him with it think Id let you carry your own work card? George also looks out for Lennie and tries to protect him- you never oughta drink water when it aint running play, which is evidence to show he is like a father, advising Lennie. Steinbeck emphasises the theme of George and Lennie being like a father and son further by George praising Lennie to stimulate Lennies self esteem Good boy, thats it.

Playing Upon the String of Emptiness Essay

Nowadays, the search for something new has been greatly pursued. The availability of resources helped individuals to innovate. It impels them to work beyond the existing rules and surpassing limitations, be it in the field of music, architecture, literature, etc. The modernity of this being brought upon by globalization made it easier to reach cultures. Cultures that were bound by their animal(prenominal) territories before have been accessible because of modern technologies. This easy, unlimited exposure provides endless ideas and innovations that bring about different plant of art.For Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, this infinite flow of innovations or novelties offers open-ended venues for artificers to produce their worksvenues that are free from rules and do non conform to a certain set of standards. According to him, this poses a threat to the morality of edict as well as of the artists. He argued that trinket is an art with unlimited freedom and thus equates to a soulless art. This perspective was explained in the context of Russians struggle with communism which Solzhenitsyn directly experienced. He focused on the deterioration of humanistic discipline standard after the fall of Communism, specifically with literature.Due to the disposed freedom, arts do not fall under a set of standards, causing the artistic value to suffer. He then related that Communism promoted a new society. To be able to build a new one, the old cultures and traditions should be thrown away To live on a new world is to start from scratch. Solzhenitsyn then compared this situation to the literary artists in his country. They were writing outright criticisms of every aspect of Russian roots like language, religion, and traditional culturesa move that was so desperate for a change to be made by who he termed as desperate innovators.The author disapproved of forgetting the roots of any artistic work, for this is important in the development of a new face of art. Solzhenitsyn does n ot believe in the aggressive step of aiming forward in the arts starting from nothing. Novelty becomes unmitigated with the absence of ancient roots. It is an unintelligible art with no significant value to the worldan art without a consumption and is null. Solzhenitsyn cited what kinds of arts were produced because of the frantic mutation frenzy. The arts arising from novelty does not have that spiritual connection from the artist with the world.Since the great cultural tradition has been detached, the spiritual grounds that were developed from it are missing as well. humanistic discipline were not produced for a greater purpose any much. Thus, it does not emanate a higher sense of value for the world. It is reduced to a mere showing without a profound significance. It was from the authors observation that the absence of artistic limits has resulted in ir province and apathy. Solzhenitsyn mentioned the what do you care attitude of the Russian writers who created literary work s when the censorship has been lifted after the downfall of communism.This kind of artistic mindset alienates the welfare of its audience. The line between right and wrong has become thinner, its boundaries blurry and sometimes interchanging. The arts, according to Solzhenitsyn, have been turned into more of a personal ambition of the artists rather than an intentional product of passion and love. He stressed that artists do not bring the world as the subject they are the focal point. The arts became a movement of personal interests of the artists. Novelty becomes like a venue for affectation. press release back to Solzhenitsyn main argument, novelty became ruthless because it eradicated the classical foundation of arts. Arts cannot push for development if its foundation pull up stakes be forgotten. It would be more roily if it will be forced to progress aggressively without any fundamentals to back it up. Alexander Solzhenitsyn sees novelty as a cause for a more individualistic n ature rather than being communal in interaction. He was alarmed by how the current generation responded to old traditions. These traditions were treated as something useless and irrelevant in the present.Novelty was portrayed by the author as something anti-cultural and antagonistic of anything universally accepted. The saying to each his own in arts or in general constitutes obscure distinction between good and evil. Another supporting factor for Solzhenitsyns argument is that this particular freedom devoted with novelty developed into a negative relativity. This has been embraced by young artists who turn self-expression into a lack of sensitivity with regard to the effects of their work to other people. Social responsibility slowly ceased to exist anymore.Artistic freedom has always been believed to be helpful in maximizing an artists work. However, Alexander Solzhenitsyn presented an opposite view. The freedom vested on the artist implies a threat of producing an art with is a much lesser value. With no artistic limitations and no principles to follow, art becomes less of a recreation sort of of serving a higher purpose. Solzhenitsyn emphasized the need to take the cultural tradition into account because without it, progress will be impossibly successful. He sees novelty as a trend resulting in chaossocially and morally disruptive.It promotes an individualism that is obviously selfish and divides humanity even more. Innovations should be created for the benefit of others. Arts may be a compiled output of an individuals unique skills and talents, but there will always be a responsibility attached to it because people get to grasp these works. An art is a huge factor in contributing to the formation of an ideology in a society. It is a strong tool to propagate a message that can reach a huge number of people. Hence, Solzhenitsyn sees its development as critical because this will determine where the world will be heading to.The world will not be able to mo ve forward without revisiting and considering the past. The cultural traditions within human society should be embedded for development. It is an important basis to learn from past mistakes and to improve on the present. It can be seen that Solzhenitsyn somehow views relentless novelty as the anarchism of art that will later on transcend into society. He mentioned the absence of laws in the process of arts and the lack of absolute truth. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn provided the view of novelty enclosed in a reckless handful of freedom and a lack of traditional grounds.He presented it as something negative because he had witnessed what it did to his people especially to the younger generations. As an artist himself, the author poses a huge concern on what kind of directions the arts would take since he knows the powerful influence of it to the society. He hopes to spread his view to beat the younger generations be exposed of what history has brought the Russian country and what were its implications. Solzhenitsyn firmly believes that through history, it may shape the new artists to work for a greater purpose for humanity.

Thinking Outside The Box Essay

We live in the age of new technologies, in an age of rapid progress and both successful employer seeks to meet all the requirements of the present time namely control and improve the quality of services, to master execution time and be the best in the business, despite non less intelligent competitors.1. What out-of-door factors were affecting UPSs HR practices? How did UPS respond to these trends?Workers of the UPS has a responsible attitude towards the quality of their services. They daily take a leak care about these services, and also prepare highly qualified specialists. One of the problems that they are facing is that a large number of people (baby-boomers) are close to retirement age. UPS has taken steps to be convinced(predicate) that they will have driver which will be ready for meeting the demand. The troupe staff is hiring and rearing some 25.000 drivers over the next five year to replace retiring Baby Boomers. Based upon the insert that younger drivers learn best by technology and hands on training, UPS has created several simulations and a videogames knowing to aid in driver training.2. Why is efficiency and precaution so important to UPS? What role do the companys industrial engineers play in how employees do their work?The answer lies in the issue forth of people and companies with which UPS operates. UPS sends more than 15m parcels in more than 200 countries every day. Because of competition (i.e. the U.S. Postal Service, DHL, and Federal Express), for UPS, its all about speed, accuracy, and safety. UPS must keep cost low and customer satisfaction high.To increase the productiveness of drivers, UPS has used their industrial engineers to design more efficient routes, loading & unloading procedures, and employee policies to help get the near from their employees in the field.3. What changes did the company make to its driver training program?In addition to learning the companys 340 Methods, applicants play a videogame where theyre in the drivers seat and must separate obstacles. From computer simulations, they move to Clarksville, a mockvillage with miniature houses and faux businesses. There, they drive a factual truck and must successfully execute five deliveries in 19 minutes. And, in the interest of safety and efficiency, trainees learn to carefully walk on ice with the slip and fall simulator.4. What advantages and drawbacks do you see to this training approach for (a) the trainee and (b) the company?It appears that the use of simulations and the other new programs implemented by UPS would have good fare to work the drivers would be doing in the field. This is an advantage for the trainee and the company.A potential disadvantage would be if the applicant was not familiar with new technology, such as computer games, or other forms of electronic learning. These applicants may be successful in the job, but may not show proficiency in training due to the technological nature of the training. For the company , such programs are expensive but that can be balanced by the benefit of having a better trained workforce.

The Symbolic Role of Horatio in Hamlet

In Shakespeares Tragedy Play settlement, Horatio shows as a minor character. However, the contri only ifions and demonstrations he brings to the play and to the reference are real important and abundant. His role in the whole play can be viewed from three angles. First of every, he is to the highest degree close fri terminal of Prince crossroads. In all the schemes, he performs as Hamlets informer, assistant, guidance and confidant. Secondly, Horatio rationally and wisely witnesses and judges key figures and events in the play.He has directly or indirectly involved all plays developments from the beginning to the end. Thirdly, highlights the loyalty and in secernateectual achievements of which humans are capable. Horatio links the audiences and carries the hopes loyalty to friendships, cause to human behaviors and future, and bringing the justice to the world. Through the character of Horatio, the key concepts and benefits of loyalty, rationality and hope are portrayedHoratio is Hamlets most trusted friend as verified from the beginning to the end of the drama. Through his wisdom, he relates the challenges he and Hamlet face with respect to Claudius. In the play, there are three friends for Hamlet. The other two, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, betray Hamlet for their self-centered (yet understandable) benefits and find their own final destinations when they arrive at England. Horatio knows Denmark Prince Hamlet from Wittenberg University in England when both of them are scholars there.He comes to Denmark to assemble the old King, Hamlets fathers funeral. Hamlet reveals all his revenge plans to him. Horatio swears himself to top cryptic about the ghost and Hamlets pretense of madness to hide from Claudiuss. Even more important by dint of the trap play play, Horatio conspires closely with Hamlet to prove Claudiuss guilt. With all the ensured trusting from the Princes letter to him, Horatio is the first to know of Hamlets generate from England. He is t he only real company when Hamlet disc overs Ophelias death.In the graveyard, he presents with Hamlet when they view the Yoricks skull with the talks about glories and death, To what base uses we may return, Horatio Why may not imagination trace the shocking dust of Alexander, till he find it stopping a bung-hole? (5. 1. 192-4). Horatio stays with Hamlet to the end of the cataclysm, to the end of Hamlets death, with the entire honor, loyalty to friendship, he comments to drink the poised wine to go with the Prince of Denmark I am more an antique Roman than a Dane. /Heres yet some strong drink left (5. 2. 353-4).Only by the Hamlets final and firm request to him to keep live to tell the masses of the story, Horatio survives himself to honor the Princes requests, and brings the truth, justness and rightfulness to the world. Horatio shell demonstrates his rationality and respectable nature great all other characters in the play, even the key character Hamlet from this point of view . The guards invite him to await the ghost as their rusting to him as a rational and knowledgeable scholar. (1. 1. 41 1. 5. 150) At that time, this title is the most respectable name for the verifications or justifications.This is just like nowadays we request the signatures from doctors, teachers or lawyers etc to sign various important documents to verify our life and experiences. He reports to Hamlet and bring him to the castle. With all the cares to Hamlet, he himself provides the audiences calm, resolute, rational and confident views of the ghost and the old Kings story But soft, behold, lo where it comes again /Ill cross it hough it blast me (1. 1. 25-6). By their careful plans and implementations of mouse-play, Hamlet confirms the old Kings murder.Hamlet gets really over excited with the confirmation. However, with the rationalities and intellects, for the best interesting of the Prince, Horatio calm down Hamlet of any overreactions or rush actions. To relate Hamlets will, he brings himself back from emotionality to rationality and reality as he recognizes the richness to satisfactory Hamlets requests to tell the world the story. For Hamlet, Horatio is the key connection, witness and judge to attach and the audiences. He helps Hamlet form the plays consistencies.This has been clearly demonstrated in the whole drama. Only through the conversations between Hamlet and Horatio, could the insides of Hamlet show the audiences the Prince is not really crazy or foolish but kind, sharp with dubiousness and procrastinations for his mission to revenge for his fathers murder. If we could say Hamlet is the emotion core group of the drama, we might be able to see Horatio standing for calm, courage and kindness of the play, even directly from Hamlet, Horatio, gm art een as just a man /As eer my conversation coped withal (3. . 50-70) At the very beginning of the drama, Horatio, with the trust of the guards, help Hamlet to meet the ghost, the old King and discoveri es the dirty assassination. At the end of the play, Horatio, who saw the old Kings ghost, is companying and comforting the dying Prince, Now cracks a noble heart. Good night, sweet prince, And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest (5. 2. 343-4). Without Hamlet, it would be impossible to construct the intense and feeling the ups and downs of the love, hate, remorse, hesitate, brave, courage.Without Horatio, it would be very challenge to get the senses of security, wisdom, loyalty and rationality of human being has. The play illustrates the completeness with Horatio banding Hamlet from the start to the end with good hopes left to audiences. Of all the three important roles and contributions Horatio to bring to the audiences, every human has it own special contribution to the play. Lonely and hesitant Hamlet has at least one of best friends trustable all time and calm and rational in any situations to conform and counsel.Horatio, really as a wise and intellectual scholar, can he lp the drama to reality. His unshakable loyalty and common senses lead the audiences to have the expectations when things are or may go wrong. His timely show up in the play has brought audience to both Hamlet and the audiences to the reality with logical senses. Horatio is the symbol of loyalty, rationality and hope in the great tragedy Hamlet. Works Cited Hamlet May 6, 2012.Primary Sources Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. ed. Ann Thompson and Neil Taylor. London England Thomson Learning, 2006. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. ed. Philip Edwards. Cambridge England Cambridge University Press, 2003. Secondary Sources Babra, Neil. Hamlet. Adaptation of Hamlet by William Shakespeare hot York Sparknotes, 2008. Coville, Bruce. William Shakespeares Hamlet. New York Dial Books, 2004. . Hamlet. Dir. Franco Zeffirelli. Producer Dyson Lovell. Carolco International N. V. DVD. 1990. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. ed. The Rector and Visitors. University of Virginia, 2000. Shakespe are, William. Hamlet. edited and rendered into modern English by Alan Durband. Hauppauge, N. Y. Barrons, 1986. Hamlet. 28 April 2012 . Horatio in Hamlet. 30 April 2012 Hoy, Cyrus. ed. Hamlet by William Shakespeare. New York Norton, 1992. Leggatt, Alexander. Shakespeares tragedies violation and identity. New York Cambridge University Press, 2005. Marsden, John. Hamlet & Ophelia a novel. Toronto Harper prize Canada, 2009. Shakespeare Hamlet Notes. Coles Editorial Board, Toronto Coles Notes, 2001. Shakespeares Horatio An analysis of Hamlets Friend Horatio. 30 March 2012 . Scene 4 Hamlet A Comprehensive Analysis of Shakespeares Greatest Tragedy. 30 April 2012 .

Respecting Elders

Respecting my elders, and everyone else, entirely comes natural to me, because when I was just a little girl, I was taught that I must always extol my elders, if I didnt, Id touch on a slap on my demo by my pargonnts. As I grew up, I came to realize the true meaning of the phrase, discover your elders, and I equalise fully with my mothers instillings. I non solo respected my elders, that I respected everyone or so me. When I had my children, I taught them the same way my p arnts taught me, on how to respect their elders, and why.I never had any problems teaching my children how to respect, not only their elders, still how to respect everyone. We need to keep up with the tradition of respect, because so numerous people are so ignorant with each other, Id just turn away because I subsist if I tour of duty and listen, Ill say something to these little devils for being so mean to anyone and everyone. My son, now has a son that is 11 geezerhood old, and if he is caught ma king fun of anyone, then he has his father to answerpic to, and is worriede to apologize to the person that he has do fun of, whether it be another child or a gr deliverup.Respect is something that has slipped through the cracks of time, and I depend it is time to bring it back into our youth. These young people now are so rude to everyone, not just their elders around them, that Id like to smack them myself, and I dont steady know them from Adam. It just makes me so mad to see how some of the aged(a) are get byed to twenty-four hours, and I dont know what to do about it, save is sure makes me sick. For our young children to respect anyone they have to be taught right from the start, when they are growing up.Its not something that tramp be taught after they are grown up, because they have never breaked the meaning of the word respect. It so sad, that in todays society, you see some of the things that are going on with everybody, not only our elderly, but anyone around them . There is no respect in this world today and thats just so sad. I treat everyone with respect, so far though I know they dont respect me most of the time, but thats OK, I feel bump when I respect others, still if they dont. Created on May 02, 2008 Our elders have done for(p) through a upsurge in their mannerstime.I figure it is meaning(a) to respect our elders because they have experienced life and gone through a view more than than than than we have. I think history has shown that we are a successful, rich country. I dont think we would have the freedom and the respect from other countries if it werent for our elders and their sacrifice to get us where we are today. I respect my grandfather because he was captured and interpreted to a concentration camp during World War II. My grandfather flee from a camp, ran into the woods and went into hiding for a year.My grandfather is one of the lucky Jews that survived because he had the will to live. wherefore shouldnt he be r espected? I respect my parents because they are the ones that brought me in this world and have taken care of me until I was able to take care of myself. I personally have a lot of respect for my parents because they did a lot for me over the years. I wouldnt have the education without them. They got me where I am today and I am sure it wasnt easypic for them. I believe they deserve thanks for everything they have done for me and therefore deserve my respect.The idea of the importance of respecting our elders raised some questions in my mind. Do most even know what respect is? Wikipedia defines respect as taking into consideration the views and desires of others and incorporating it into your decisions and being truthful to people. Why shouldnt we respect anyone? I think everyone should be respected unless given a reason not to be. When you meet someone for the firstly time are you disrespectful? No. Why should you be? I think everyone deserves a venture and once you get to know the person you can decide based on your own value whether or not you should respect them.I have a lot of younger cousins that respect me because I am older and know more about life than they do. I dont think elders should be singled out and instantaneously respected because they are older. Why shouldnt respect go both ways? I think my friends respect me because I respect them. I think it is important to understand what respect is and understand what your elders have gone through to get where we are today. I think everyone deserves the same amount of respect unless given a reason to be disrespected. Quotes In Western Civilization, our elders are books. The Elders were closer to the Maker of All Things and should be deferred to whenever they made their will known. 2 paragraphs The elderly have lived long lives. They are so important in our lives because of this. The durable that one has lived, the more of a life they have to share with others. The elderly have much to get to this world. Most already have contributed while others will soon be contributing their outperform as time goes by. Even the elderly are still learning. It has been said that you learn something new every day, and that is just why even the elderly are still learning.They have much wisdom to share with the world, even if they have just learned it themselves. Learning It really does not matter what your age is. Everyone every day is learning. We learn from both the young and from the old. The young are so precious, and they often inspire us even in the simplest ways. They really have not experienced much yet in the way of living, but they sure can bring up things that we have never even thought of before. They can teach us all sorts of behaviors and help us to change our attitudes in our lives.The elderly, however, are so important in our daily lives, because we can learn much from their actual experiences. They have lived long lives, and have experienced many things worth sharing with us that can help us to improve our daily lives. We can even learn things through the elderly that will help us to get along with others much easier, get over things more quickly, respect others, and even enjoy looking at things in a more ordained manner. Trials The elderly are so important in our lives, because they have gone through many trials.The longer that anyone has lived, the more trials that they have gone through in their lives. It is hard to accept trials in our lives, but they do exist. The elderly are more than willing to share their past experiences with us. They are actually golden to do this. The elderly have learned where they may have gone wrong in life along with things that they are very proud of the choices that they have made. Spending time with the elderly is one of the best and most exciting things that you can do these days. They can help us with many aspects in our own lives.The elderly can even help us to avoid many trials in our lives through their many wo rds of wisdom. Sharing ripened people in our lives are so important, because they enjoy sharing with us. old people sincerely enjoy sharing all sorts of things in their lives. As people age, sharing becomes more and more important to them. As you age, you realize that you have gone through numerous experiences of all kinds that are worthy of dowery others to get through their experiences. As the elderly share more and more, they enjoy it more and more.It is always a great feeling to know that your simple words can be helping others. The elderly also have many items along with valuable treasures that they enjoy sharing. As they grow older, they no longer have the need for many things in their lives. They love having the opportunity of passing these precious things in their lives onto others and sharing their joy along with their stories. Loving The elderly people in our lives are so important to us, because they are very loving people. Elderly people are very loving, caring, and thankful people.As we age, we all learn to enjoy the better things in life. Better things, as in more important things and things that really matter. Elderly people normally grow more loving and caring as they age. They grow more thankful of even the simplest things. Elderly grow to appreciate life much more than anything. Elderly people are so precious and enjoyable. Many of the elderly are also quite funny. Look at the elderly people in your life, and listen to them. This will surely bring you a new healthy and positive look on life.

Employing Strategy in a Competitive Environment Essay

Question 1- Create an environmental scan for the confederacy indicating the most significant environmental threats and discuss how the company should respond to each threat to ensure that the wallop to the business is minimal.Companies and industries are constantly upholded by their surroundings. For example, all companies operate in a macro environment shaped by influences including threats emanating from general economic conditions population demographics societal values and lifestyles legislation and regulations engineering science and closer to home the industry and competitive environment in which the company operates (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2010, p.56). Companies have an inner and outmost ring in their macro environment. Happenings in the outer or inner ring of their macro environment may occur rapidly or slowly, some whiles even without advanced knowledge or warning. However, the major(ip) forces and factors that can have the largest impact on shaping the strat egy of a company will usually pertain to the companys immediate industry and competitive environmentthe actions of rival firms, buyer behavior, supplier related considerations, and so on (Thompson, et al., 2010, p.57).All of the major influences and threats will be discussed below. This discussion will take how Sky Renovations Inc. (SRI) will respond to each threat to ensure that the impact on the business is unplowed at minimal. Economic ConditionsTodays economic conditions are a great advantage for SRI. Because of the veritable foreclosure market, there is more property that is available to enable SRI to renovate, rent, and resale properties. There are so many diametric stages and types of foreclosures, including the pre- foreclosures, the auctions, and the accredited estate owned (REO) properties, SRI will have no problem finding its market corner (Caplin, 2004).Population Demographics The current population demographics show that there are many baby boomers that are in th e process of retiring. Some of these baby boomers have been life-long tenants. Some of these people will be first time home buyers and some will be in the process of purchasing another home, where a former home may have been loss during the past economic turnover. Demographics are not quite serving but do exert a powerful influence on future housing consider (Belsky, 2009, p. 99). SRI will make sure that population demographics will be carefully considered in all operations and intricacys within the company. Societal Values and LifestylesSocietal values and lifestyles will determine the very existence and expansion of SRI. The determination of how clients and customers choose to live will determine the profitability of the company. SRI must make sure that its centre of attention values, mission statements, and mass statements coincide with the societys values and lifestyles for this specific era. A strategic vision will point SRI in the desired direction, plan SRIs strategic p ath, and form its organizational identity (Thompson, et al., 2010).Legislation and Regulations SRI must be very sensitive to the legislation and regulations that will be surrounding the foreclosure and real estate markets. These laws and regulations will determine SRIs competitive advantage over other companies entering the market. Since much(prenominal) of SRIs business depends on its ability to buy property at a discount and exchange or rent this property at a discount or affordable price, SRI much hitch abreast to and legislative and regulative changes in regard to the real estate and renovations industry.Technology Technology is changing at such a rapid pace. SRI must keep the accurate, proper, up-dated computer equipment, and sacksites to make sure that SRIs presence and availability is accessible to any client or potential clients. These technological up-dates must be done on a regular and consistence basis. This will give SRI a physical and web presence on a local, nati onal, and international level.The factors, issues, and occurrences that are found in a companys industry and competitive environment should be considered the strongest of the external threats.However, the factors and forces in a companys macro-environment having the biggest strategy-shaping impact typically pertain to the companys immediate industry and competitive environment-the actions of rivals firms, buyer behavior, supplier-related conditions, and so on (Thompson, et al., 2010, p. 57).

Manchester United Essay

We aim to increase our tax revenue and favorableness by expanding our in naughty spirits growth businesses that leverage our world(a) residential ara and marketing infrastructure. The key elements of our st stationgy atomic number 18 flip bingles lid our portfolio of orbiculate and regional sponsors We argon hearty positioned to continue to secure sponsorships with leading brands. Over the last hardly a(prenominal) age, we give birth implemented a proactive approach to positioning, securing and supporting sponsors. In addition, we be condenseed on expanding a regional sponsorship model, segmenting reinvigorated opportunities by reaping category and territory. As part of this st outrankgy, we allow loose an office in Asia and be in the process of opening an office in North America. These argon in addition to our London and Manchester offices. Further develop our retail, merchandising, apparel & point of intersection licensing business We will focus on gro takeg this business on a global basis by increasing our crop range and improving distribution through except increment of our wholesale, retail and e-commerce bring.Manchester unify branded retail locations have opened in Singapore, Macau, India and Thailand, and we plan to expand our global retail rumpprint over the future(a) several years. In addition, we will excessively invest to expand our portfolio of product licensees to enhance the range of product offerings available to our followers. Exploit new media & fluent opportunities The rapid shift of media consumption towards internet, mobile and neighborly media platforms presents us with multiple growth opportunities and new revenue streams. Our digital media platforms, much(prenominal) as mobile sites, applications and well-disposed media, are expected to fix one of the primary orders by which we engage and transact with our followers roughly the world. In addition to developing our own digital properties, we intend t o leverage third party media platforms and other social media as a means of further engaging with our followers and creating a source of traffic for our digital media assets. Our new media & mobile offerings are in the early stages of development and present opportunities for future growth. Enhance the compass and distribution of our broadcasting rights The value of live sports programming has grown dramatically in recent years due to changes in how television content is distributed and consumed.Specifically, television consumption has reverse more than than fragmented and audiences for handed-down scheduled television programming have declined as consumer choice increasedwith the emergence of multi-channel television, the development of technologies such as the digital video recorder and the emergence of digital viewing on the internet and mobile devices. The unpredictable outcomes of live sports ensures that individuals consume sports programming in real time and in salutary, resulting in last audiences and increased interest from television broadcasters and advertisers. We are well positioned to benefit from the increased value and the growth in distribution associated with the prime minister League, the Champions League and other competitions.Furthermore, MUTV, our global broadcasting platform, delivers Manchester coupled programming to 54 countries around the world. We plan to expand the distribution of MUTV by improving the quality of its content and its production capabilities. Diversify revenue and improve margins We aim to increase the revenue and operating margins of our business as we further expand into our proud growth commercial businesses, including sponsorship, retail, merchandising, licensing and new media & mobile. By increasing the emphasis on our commercial businesses, we will further diversify our revenue, enabling us to generate improve profitability. The five forces model of Michael porter looks like the succeeding(a) if app lied to Mu Ltd. SUPPLIER POWER lofty diversity of suppliersVolume is important to supplierMU diametricaliates of inputsInputs have a high impact on be and differentiationSwitching cost of firms in the intentness are lowThere is a low Presence of substitute inputsBARRIERS TO ENTRYThere is quite an informal access to inputsThe is a government policy promoting quite loose entry in case authorized registration type of requirements are fulfilled There is economies of scale last capital requirementsThere are strong brand identity in the succer sector of the sports industry Switching be are highEasy access to distribution measly expected retaliationTHREAT OF SUBSTITUTESLow switching costsBuyers are not highly inclined to substitutePrice-performance, to a certain level, has no square off on the preffered team Trade-off of substitutesDEGREE OF RIVALRYHigh exit barriersLow industry concentrationHigh fixed costs/High value addedLow industry growthLow product differencesLow switching co stsHigh brand identityHigh diversity of rivalsBUYER POWERdicker leverage is neither high, neither lowBuyer volume upon successful times are highBuyer information can be considered highBrand identity is strongPrice sensibility is not extremely highProduct differentiation is actually highBuyer concentration vs. industry is lowMany substitutes are availableSource http//www.quickmba.com/ dodging/porter.shtmlKey Performance Indicators (KPI)The other, as mentioned before, is the KPI, or key performance indicators. As the Affiliated League gild lists, the KPI of a sports klubs must be the following( p.3,http//nemjfa.homestead.com/BUSINESSPLAN.pdf ) laborious business planStable administration, close communication between all levels of Club Management High quality coaches at both senior and underage levelsHigh profile and acceptance within the communityStrong Club presence in schools, both primary and secondarySound oval management, high standard of hunting lodge facilitiesSound pecun iary management, expenses kept in line with income base Development of Juniors, specially local based playersManchester get together Ltd. is a very professional connection, and is in possession of these characteristics. It actually inevitably so, if it wants to achieve its declared goal, to be the approximately successful teem in football (http//ir.manutd.com/manutd/about/bustrat/). As to the last part of the question, identifying internal and orthogonal factors, please refer back to the Porters 5 Forces Model above Major cost categories of the party, the drivers behind these costs, and the internal and external factors that crook costs the to the highest degree There are threesome major cost categories, those re new-fangledd to the operation and development of the corporate Manchester unify, the costs related to the operation and development of the sporting ball club, and other, related costs. The corporate costs include such costs as dept and maintance costs, and cos ts related to the commercial activities of the beau monde. Examples of club related cost include the compensation of the players and staff, and get of new players and stuff. The other costs include, for instance infrastructural costs, such as the maintance and development cost of the stadium of MU, the antiquated Trafford. The drivers of the costs of Manchester coupled, and the internal and external factors that influence the cost structure and levels of these cost in all the three major categories can be observed in the second part of question 1, in the Porters Five Forces Model. What companies are comparable companiesOther English football club corporations like Chelsea and inventory of London, Everton, and Liverpool. Companies operating football clubs are very dinstinct from companies of other industries, and the larger football clubs are probably very similar to each other in how they conduct their business, all having some income sources, tickets, clothing, that are the sa me. Method most appropriate to assess the value of the company, advantages and disadvantages of the relative and the DCF regularitys. If we are looking at the performance of the company, probably the profitability is the bar that should be used, because it measures the efficientcy of the financial performance of the company. DCF MethodAdvantagesAs DCF analysis is based on the assumptions of the CAPM, it is an analytically correct valuation method. In contrast to the Comparable Companies analysis, volatile market conditions do not have an impact on the results. DCF therefore is often used as an additional point of reference. Since the discount rate is usually derived from the WACC, the DCF takes account of the relative riskiness of the projected cash flow. Accounting rules do not influence this approach, as valuation is based on projected cash flow. growth period period of electrostatic growth. Multiples appropriate for the comparison of the company with other comparative compani es, what financial and non-financial measures should be a basis of compari in all likelihood the best multiple to measure the success of a club is the highs won to the sum of tied and lose games.This is important, because the more games a club can win, the more the corporate club can achieve in its merchadising, and the more sponsors it will be able to attract. This multiple would be considered to be a non-funancial measure. A financial measure applicable to football corporations would be profitability if the company, as it, though with limmitations, measures how efficiently the club is operating. other financial measure would be the revenues per players in a complete season. ShortcomingsSince the terminal value often represents more than 50% of the inherent DCF value it is therefore highly sensitive to the underlying assumptions, specially regarding the growth character in the terminal value and the discount rate. Using historical stock returns when estimating the beta depen ds heavily on the choice of the index. For volatile companies the beta is very high, resulting in a relatively high discount rate and a low net present value of cash flows. Estimating a correct value by applying the DCF approach therefore depends to a large extend on the expertise and industry knowledge of the individual doing the valuation. Moreover, the DCF approach neither considers different management options nor future enthronization opportunities. It only works if cash flows are subject to little uncertainty and the company is managed by a static management team. It does not get the true value if there are large initial losses, highlyvolatile earnings or immense initial growth rates. (WEITZEL, GELLINGS, BEIMBORN and KNIG, 2003, IS Valuation Methods- Insights from Capital Markets Theory and Practice , p.5-6.) Relative methodAdvantagesAs the comparable companies method is based on public information, market moods and perceptions are reflected, since it measures the relative and not the intrinsic value. Relative valuation is based upon fewer assumptions and can be conducted faster than DCF valuation. ShortcomingsThe simplicity of valuation by multiples is its deficiency Benninga/Sarig 1997, 305. Since no value determinants are give wayd, it is important to carefully select comparable firms. Also, outside(a) variables like mergers and acquisitions in the respective sector can influence stock prices. Figures often fail to experience intangible assets, like quality of management. Hence, CC based valuation should provide a valuable sanity check to assure the validity of a DCF analysis, but it should not be the only valuation method used Benninga/Sarig 1997, 305. (WEITZEL, GELLINGS, BEIMBORN and KNIG, 2003, IS Valuation Methods- Insights from Capital Markets Theory and Practice , p.7-8.) Limitations of applying the relative and the DCF methods to the evaluation of the company, what can be make to overcome this problem There are a number of limitations of applying the relative and the DCF methods to the evaluation of the company.For instance, procure new players and coaches cost a lot of money it is not rare that that amount of money reaches one million euros. As it was seen in the above summary of the disadvantages of the DCF method. A possible solution to this problem, though not very humane, the cost of these players and coaches could be depreciated over the time frame of the contract involved, just as it is done in the case of new infrastructural expenditures. In the case of the Relative method, the problem is that the progression of the team in the national, that is in the premier(a) League, and in the international cups and championships, were much different both in the near yesteryear and will probably be in the future also. This increases the risk of the cyclicality of the business. This cyclicality can be much different in the case of the different corporate clubs, which makes the incomes and thus other results of the companies very difficult tocompare. Links for more informationPorter five forces analysis Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Porters five forces is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard phone line School in 1979. It draws upon Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determi Performance indicator Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaA performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a measure of performance. Such measures are commonly used to attend to an organization define and evaluate how successful it is, typically in terms of make progress towards its long-term Manchester united Official Web SiteThe formal site with news, transfer rumours, online ticket sales, live match commentary, video highlights, player profiles, mobile content, wallpapers and more. Manchester unitedManchester get together (ManU) is one of the leading football clubs in the world. ManU has won ma ny titles in the football competition making the club to be the most successful football club in the world. The success of this club is contributed by the good management of Sir Alex Ferguson who has been the manager since 1986 when Ron Atkinson left (Official website, ManU). IntroductionThe football industry in UK has become customary because of the first successes in the industry, an attribute that made it a viable business. The main aim of this report is to analyze the SWOT and PEST analysis of Manchester linked. From this analysis, it will be possible to identify both the internal and external strengths of the company. SWOT analysisSWOT analysis can be used to know the success factors of ManU as well as to identify the strategies to be overcome the clubs weaknesses. Moreover, SWOT analyses will enable the company to identify the opportunities to improve performance. SWOT analysis of Manchester joined is presented below StrengthsThe key strength of Manchester United is its well recognized brand all overthe world. ManU has achieved such good brand name by heavy advertisement through the internet, TV and magazines (Andrews, 2004). This massive advertisement has made the club to get motley sponsors. This means that whenever the company raises any merchandise in the market, indicating their name and symbol, it will be identified by its funs all over the world. Strength of the club is the presence of a full-grown fan base which has improved the financial stability of the club. This big fan base has made a very high purchase figure whenever the tickets are being sold. Furthermore, Manchester United has several(a) distribution channels which enable it to deliver new products introduced into the market. Furthermore, these channels can be used by the Manchester United to obtained feedback from the market concerning their products and performances. WeaknessesFrom the website of the company, it shows that the major weakness is the products and product variety. It is evident that the company has been introducing many diverse products at different occasions. All these diverse products have been introduced from the tee shirt to credit cards indicating that the company has exploit the available sources of income within the company. This action needs to be enquiryed as soon as possible so as to help the company to situate and analyze it products, follow the use of centreive instruments such as the Boston Matrix which will help the company to identify that the products are doing well in the market. Lastly, the club has been so affluent, and it is still operating on such a high level, there is a worrying within the management of the company that it will loose its origin, which has a diverse concentration of the club from football to the proceeds. Such moves might have a great effect to its fans because the fans come from all over the world. OpportunitiesPenetration of the Manchester United to the American market has been one of the major oppor tunities to the company. The company will in future structure its club by entering into coalition with the saucily York Yankees. The New York Yankees is one of the well-off teams in the world. This will assist the company by ensuring that exclusive distribution channels are established in the United States of America. Through this the company will be in a position to enter and present their products in a new market. Furthermore, theManchester United will be in a position to lead all the football clubs in the America, though there will be superior height of risks concerned. The managers believe that by entering a coalition with the Yankees, this threat will be reduced (CNN, 2010). ThreatsManchester United operates under a great threat in this field because other big teams like Manchester City and Arsenal which are currently improving in their performances. These and other teams have become very big competitors to the club. Furthermore, the Manchester United FC has been facing intern al threats to the team. There is a frequent change of leaders in the company making the club to be disunited. Nonetheless, this will affect the sale of merchandise. Lastly, the club is lacking(p) enough finances for financing academies and junior football, so that they can train the best footballers to ensure subdued succession in the future. PEST Analysis of the Manchester UnitedThe clubs decision has been affected by macro-environmental factors such as the changes in taxes, new laws, demographic changes and the changes in government policy. The managers of Manchester United can crystalize these as the political, economical, social and technological factors. Political factorsThis comprises of the laws which govern the issues affecting the activities of the club. Currently the team is undergoing a problem of paying out its debts which amount to $1.5 billion, a figure which was misappropriated by the greedy owners. The fans of Manchester United from England are preparing to join t heir efforts to force legislators to consider pro-football legislation in parliament which will aim at struggle the total arrears which has not being paid because of corrupt owners who misuse the funds of the club. Such an action has exploited the loyalties of fans of Manchester United. Economical factorsThe club has boosted the economy through employment opportunities which have been created to the players and the positives. The positive effect of Manchester United FC is entangle globally because they employ the best playersglobally. Secondly, this soccer club has been a catalyst in the regional development because of the positive financial flows which are generated by the supporters of the team across the world. Lastly, the club has a positive influence on the economy because its officials are thrown from all over the world. These officials spend an average of 15on basic needs such as food, drinks etc. in a single match. If the supporters are from foreign countries they bring i n foreign currencies which will eventually boosts the Balance of Payments in the country TechnologyTechnology has contributed positively to the foot ball games since the players are capable of playing at night due to the availability of electricity. Furthermore, technology has facilitated various people from different parts of the world to come across football irregardless of there locations. Technology has facilitated fans of the club to obtain information from the internet concerning the performances of the company. This has benefited those Manchester United fans to get updates incase they had missed to watch the game. SocialManchester United just like any other football team has united many people especially the funs of football. People have interacted all over the world because of football. People from different age groups normally watch football because it is either their favorite game or because they want to watch just for leisure. Football has become part of the society in t he current world, everybody in the world reproofs of football, either English Premier League or the world cup championships. This is very important since it has affected the society in a positive way i.e. it can create employment in the region. For example, the world cup will be in South Africa this year. The South African government will collect a lot of review article in terms of taxation, sales of tickets and any other taxable stuff. This will have close human relationship with the social cultural factors though indirectly (Masterman, 2009). Manchester United has contributed a lot in the context of the social cultural factors as it employs players from different parts of the world. They normal select stars from different leagues and employ them. From a research done by Masterman, Manchester is the leading club in the payment package they offer to its employees. handicraft strategyThe team has carried research concerning their product development in the market. This is very im portant as it will help the team to improve their performance in their product in the present market before strategizing on how to enter the new market. ConclusionManchester United is the leading team in the football industry and to celebrate this position, they have to focus on the market and the needs of its clients and followers. The company has further improved on their product through carrying research these improvements have brought success in the club and improve the support of the team. The board of directors has also done their best by employing the best players to represent the club. This will make the team to perform well in the field whenever they have a game. Furthermore, these directors ensure that the discipline is well maintained in the company because the fans and its competitors are closely watching what is going on in the company. BibliographyAndrews, D. L. (2004) Manchester United a thematic study. Routledge UK. Barthold, D. 2009. The Business of European Footba ll. GRIN Verlag, (3). Pp 36-38 Masterman, G. 2009. Strategic Sports Event Management Olympic Edition Hospitality, Leisureand Tourism Series. Butterworth-Heinemann, (2). Pp 65-67 Manchester United. 2008. The Official Manchester United Annual 2009 Official ManchesterThe Manchester United Football Club is one of the most popular football clubs in the world. This English football club has its base at Old Trafford Stadium, which is located in Trafford, Greater Manchester. Manchester United is the founder member of 1992 Premier League. Being the second most successful team in the entire history of English football, Manchester United Football Club has over 330 million fans globally. The club has been participating in the top division English football since 1938. The Manchester United Football Club is also popular by its nickname, The Red Devils. In November 1986 when Alex Ferguson became the manager of the Club, Manchester United reached to the peak of success and won 20 major titles.The M anchester United Football Club has won the Premier League and First Division 17 times and is trailing behind Liverpool by just one title. Manchester United became the first English Football Club to win the European Cup in 1968. The Club has the record of winning maximum number of FA Cup titles. From late 90s until date, Manchester United remains one of the richest football clubs with a total value of 897 million. In 1998-99, Manchester United became the first ever and the only club to win the Treble. In the year 2000, the club became a founding member for the G-14 group. This is a group of the Big European football clubs. In the year 2005, American businessperson Malcolm Glazer took a controlling interest in Manchester United. With the Red Football Ltd as the investment vehicle, Malcolm took 75% control of the club and the club was de-listed from the Stock Exchange. Initially the jersey of Manchester United was yellow and putting surface in color but in 1902, the club changed it to red jerseys with white shorts and black socks. Manchester United has sponsorship deals with various companies.AIG, Nike, Audi, Budweiser, Betfred, Xfm Manchester are some of the sponsors for the club. The Manchester United football club has its own football ground at Sir Matt Busby Way, Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The stadium opened on 19 February 1910 and the total strength of the stadium is 76,212. It is a difficult job to determine the greatest rival of Manchester United Football Club. fit to some people, Liverpool is the biggest rival of Manchester. Leeds, Manchester City and Arsenal are also the other known rivals of the Club. So faraway, the Club has bagged 3 European Cup/ UEFA Champions League, 1 UEFA Cup Winners Cup and 1 European Super Cup. Manchester United Football Club has also won 1 Intercontinental Cup/ piece Cup Championship. Facts 5% of the world population is the supporters of Manchester United Football Club. The Club has won 10 Premier leagues, 7 First division leagues and 2 Second division leagues. Manchester United won 11 FA Cups, 2 League cups and 16 FA Charity/Community Shield.In the next few articles, let us realize about the sports teams brand-building strategies. The most common strategy followed by most of the teams is Sponsorship with other global brandsBeing associated with other international brand names lends global presence to brands as they go worldwide. If we talk about the most richest soccer club, Manchester United, they have 44 official sponsors associated with the club. ane of the biggest tie up old in the year 2002 was Manchester Uniteds tie up with Nike. Both Manchester United and Nike gained in global stature after the announcement of their global tie-in 2002.Now such is the case that Nike has to discuss a 303 million kit supply deal with Manchester United and they might well have to anyhow pulsate out this huge sum of cash if they want to maintain their association with Manchester United. One month from now, this strategically important meeting will be talking place and the American sport wear company will have to come up with an enormous sum to satisfy the clubs owners. The lave logo has adorned some of the greatest teams and players in the history of the game, including Manchester United legends Eric Cantona, Ruud van Nistelrooy and Cristiano Ronaldo. Of the current squad, Wayne Rooney, Javier Hernandez, the Da Silva twins, Chris Smalling, Patrice Evra, Paul Scholes and Rio Ferdinand all wear Nike boots along with the standard kits. In recent years, Manchester United has form commercial alliances with a number of global players in other industries Vodafone, Pepsi, DHL and Aon were all added to the clubs sponsorship list. chthonian these arrangements, the club gains from sponsors international reputations and sponsors gain from their association with a such big sports brand. And Manchester United is talking full advantage of this to reach out to new segment of soccer f ans and in turn helping in strengthening its brand equity. In July, United announced a staggering 357 million deal with cosmopolitan Motors for the Chevrolet logo to be worn on their shirts for seven seasons from 2014. Chevrolets eight-year cooperatorship with Manchester United kicked off this summer with a series of friendly matches, bringing the worlds favourite football team to their fans in South Africa, Europe and China. The support for, and commitment to Manchester United and its passionate fans worldwide will go far beyond the pre-season games as General Motors look to join the fans in celebrating all that is beautiful about the game. One of the biggest logistics company which is present in 220 countries and territories worldwide has tied up United in 2011.DHL were made prudent to undertake a range of logistics services on behalf of Manchester United for three years. Just like DHL, Manchester United standsfor passion, teamwork and can-do spirit. And its those same charact eristics that have enabled both DHL and Manchester United to remain at the top of their game and thus join together and build its brand. The last two deals done recently by Manchester United were with the two sponsors from China (Wahaha, a soft drinks manufacturer and China Construction Bank (CCB). Both have tied up for a three year deal. CCB will hold the exclusive rights to produce the official Manchester United branded credit card in Mainland China. Wahaha has been the largest beverage producer in China for the past 11 years and will be the clubs first official soft drinks partner in the country. This is just one of the many strategic decision taken by this 135-year-old soccer club from Britain. In the coming article, I would write about Manchester Uniteds Asian Strategy, mainly spotlight its entry into the Indian market.