Coca Cola Company Industry and Competitive Analysis

Jan Bernadette Balingit’s Autobiography Hi! My name is Jan Bernadette Tolentino Balingit,I was born on December 08 1999. My favorite color is violet and my favorite cartoon character is Hello Kitty. I am the only one girl between my two brothers. And I live in Sisiman, Mariveles, Bataan. And I’m taking schooling at Bepz Multinational School. And I want to play all day but not always because I want to first my study. I’m 13 yrs. old now. When I grow up I want to be an Optometrist like my mother, because I want to be like her.To be an Optometrist, I will finish first my study because when I will not finish my study I will not be an Optometrist. I’m nearer and nearer to that stage because I’m Grade 6 now. And I will introduce to you my FAMILY members: Maria Victoria T. Balingit-Mother, Benny Balingit – Father, John Benedict T. Balingit – Older brother, John Vincent T. Balingit – Younger brother. My very memorable experience is when we go to Enchanted Kingdom with my family especially me.And after we eat there we make â€Å"Gala† then we decided to take a ride in the rides named â€Å"Space Shuttle† we fall in line there in about 25 minutes. Then when it’s our turn we sits at the middle seats. And when the rides start moving we all get nervous and when we go down from the rides we all get dizzy. And my dad searching for a nurse to get our blood pressure we need to take a rest first. And when the nurse is there to get our blood pressure my mother’s blood pressure is the highest blood pressure at all. Project In English Submitted To: Fatima Acuna Submitted By: Jan Bernadette T. Balingit

Defining Multilingualism

How do schools define multilingualism in their public presentations of work? Emily Marshall In our readings, there are many different terms used to describe English Language Learners. Understanding the terms and labels will help us better understand how school districts word choice might reflect on how they deal with a particular population. Terms Associated With ELLS Reading through Gibbons, think most people would agree that he uses the term â€Å"EL Learners which is English Language Learners.In our community, his would mean anyone who is actively learning the English language. While Gibbons only mentions one term, Offline mentions many. In the introduction, Offline describes the different names that happen to come up when describing English Language Learners. Some of the terms mentioned are ELLS, Lips, bilinguals, culturally and linguistically diverse, children with English language communication barriers, English as a second language, language minority, emergent bilinguals, Eng lish proficient, and LOT E.As was reading, I was amazed at how many terms there actually are ND that's probably not even half of them. ELLS being already described, LEAP means Limited English Proficient and basically means students who have an insufficient level of English to meet the state's English requirements. The term basically implies that nonnative English speakers are deficient. Bilingual means that the person has the ability to communicate successfully in two languages, much like some of our college professors.Culturally and linguistically diverse as well as language minority can also include those who re already bilingual and in our community that would mean someone who speaks a language other than English since English is the majority language. Whenever I think of children with English language communication barriers, think more along the lines of 2nd generation children who are children born on American soil of immigrants. It also makes me think of the children of worker s who move frequently from one school to another as their parents search for jobs.English as a second language is a subject and not people although sometimes it is used to describe those students whose first language is not English. LOTT means language other than English which is commonly used to describe what languages students speak at home or in their community. As think of what some of these labels might mean for our community, I have come to the conclusion that most of the people in this community would probably not even know what half of the labels are and thus be confused and unsure of what to make of the meaning. How do schools define multilingualism?

Untitled at the moment see details of essay content

Untitled at the moment see details of content - Essay Example These essays discusses the lives of two early twentieth female artists and two contemporary ones, and attempts to throw some light on the nature of their art and also how it affected their personal lives. Frida Kahlo, born in 1907 was an internationally acclaimed Mexican painter. Her paintings carried distinct undertones of realism, symbolism and surrealism. Kahlo has gained immense popularity in the past few years, both for her work and her turbulent life. Some critics have even called her the â€Å"female Che Guevera† as her life has become synonymous with the triumph of art. The â€Å"Kahlo Cult† as it is now called, started in the 1990’s, when her paintings were breaking all records fetching up to $ 1 million in one single auction (Miller, 1999). Since then, she has been the subject of various plays, documentaries, and novels, the latest of which is a movie starring Salma Hayek as Kahlo. Besides that, she has also been designated as the goddess of the women’s movement for her paintings express certain sensitive women’s issues. But more so because of her personal life and her portrayal as the gallant woman sufferer. Tragedy stuck Kahlo at the tender age of 6 when she was diagnosed with polio; nearly twelve years later, she had a fatal accident which left her with a broken spinal column, broken pelvis, ribs and multiple fractures. For months, Frida was encased in a box like plaster cast and the pain and agony that she underwent was later represented in some of her paintings. As a matter of fact, nearly all her paintings are manifestations of her personal emotions. If one wishes to develop a cultural understanding of Kahlo’s work, it become imperative to study her personal life as well. As she herself says, "I paint myself because I am so often alone, because I am the subject I know best. One of her most famous works, â€Å"The Broken Column†, portrays her in a back brace, strongly reminiscent of her days after

The Different Sources of Law in England and Wales Essay

The Different Sources of Law in England and Wales - Essay Example Judges create common law by delivering written judgments on the cases that have been brought before them. If magistrates’ courts across both Wales and England were to be allowed to follow and make their own precedents, this would have the effect of creating relatively huge variations in both the regional and local legal customs in the two countries (Gearey, Morrison and Jago, 2013). The common law works to ensure that the law remains common throughout the land. However, it is the responsibility of the House of Lords and the criminal division of the Court of Appeal to create legal precedents in relation to criminal matters affecting Wales and England. It is the decision that is made by these higher courts that works to bind the lower courts.  At times, new situations occur that are found to be entirely new in relation to common law. In such instances, courts in England and Wales can sometimes opt to look aboard at the decisions of the courts made in other commonwealth countri es in order to seek the necessary guidance or from them. This allows for common law systems to have a degree of flexibility and stability as they continue to look to each other for guidance (Gearey, Morrison and Jago, 2013).Statute Law and Common Law Interaction  Although the English legal system is primarily founded n common law, this does not necessarily mean that statutes are any less binding. In fact, the relationship between statute and common law is that that statute law codifies certain rules whereas the common law serves to provide clarification.

Consumer behavior & Market Segmentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer behavior & Market Segmentation - Essay Example This model suggests that consumers have some unsatisfied needs and wants whose recognition is the first step in the process. This need can be stimulated by internal or external stimuli. Upon need identification consumers search for information and evaluate the alternatives arising out of that search. Finally the purchase is made in favor of the best-liked brand. Consumers also display post purchase behavior; it is a phase that decides how satisfied the consumer is with the decision and will shape consumer’s re-purchase or recommendation decisions. This whole process is influenced by many factors (Kotler’s Marketing Essentials and cited in Lee [31]) which include social influences, marketing influences, situational influences and psychological influences. According to Stanton (66) â€Å"Marketing segmentation consists of taking the total heterogeneous market for a product and dividing it into several sub-markets or segments each of which tends to be homogenous in all significant aspects.† Consumer buying behavior and market segmentation are related in that segments in a market are formed on four common bases which include geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioral. Hence behavior is one of the four major bases for segmentation. Segmentation on the bases of geographic (region), demographic (age, gender, religion, education) and/or psychographic (lifestyle or social class) is obvious however considering behavior while segmenting a market for a product is tough since it involves segmenting on the basis of usage, loyalty and other similar attributes which vary from person to person. Segmentation on behavioral basis not only focuses on the consumers traits but is also concerned with what consumers do and then forming a s egment of consumers showing similar behavior/feelings towards a brand. Hence identifying a segment which displays similar behavior/feelings towards a product is

Conflict Management Theory and The Role of Manager Assignment

Conflict Management Theory and The Role of Manager - Assignment Example When people work in teams clashes of opinions are likely to occur and every manager has to deal with the conflicts in a positive way. A qualified manager can intellectually appreciate that conflicts are the necessary ingredient of a free - enterprise system( Abraham, 1965). He also should take appropriate steps to resolve the conflicts and draw meaningful implications from them. The following essay attempts to explore the role played by the manager as a leader and a mediator in resolving conflicts. The major sources of conflict in an organization are personal differences, informational deficiencies, role incompatibility and environmental stress(David and Kim, 2005). According to him, personal differences are a common source of conflicts as individuals come together to play certain defined roles in an organization. The people who form the team for the completion of a specific task come from various cultures, family traditions and extent of socialization, etc. Hence, it is very common that conflicts will arise when they work together to achieve a common objective. They differ in their perceptions about the challenges ahead of them and they also differ in their expectations about the outcomes from specified situations. When there is a mismatch between the perceptions and expectations, the situation can take a personal overtone which may be the major source of organizational conflicts. Secondly, informational deficiencies can also be a major source of conflict. There may be lapses in the information flow between various functional units or individuals. These lapses may be due to technological disabilities or psychological barriers. Technological barriers can be caused by dysfunction of technical equipment used for communication and psychological barriers can be caused by various factors such as lack of knowledge and understanding, presumptions of the person receiving the message. Next, role incompatibility is another major source of conflict. Most often this factor causes more conflicts because when it is combined with the above two factors, it causes more deep conflicts. When the team members operate with different types of people, systems, processes, and procedures and report to various team leaders, the overlapping of the roles played by the personnel can cause conflict. Lastly, environmentally induced stress caused by a change in economic conditions. Family relationships, changes in the organization, etc can be major triggers for conflicts. Especially during the times of economic slowdown as in recent times, it is very stressful for the employees. Stress due to insecurity due to change in environmental conditions can cause deep mistrust on each other and can cause teamwork more difficult. When the employees are subject to uncertainty about their job status it can cause frustration and conflicts are more certain to occur. When these types of factors influence the behavior of employees, it is the duty of the manager to take up the role of mediator and facilitator to establish smooth working relationships and achieve organizational objectives.

ABC Clinic Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ABC Clinic - Coursework Example From this paper it is clear that  the work structure of ABC Clinic has two major portions namely, minor surgeries and pre-operation consultation. The capacity of service production for ABC Clinic differs in both their service structures. The consultant doctors can check around 7 patients per hour and works for 5 days a week out of which every Wednesday is scheduled for training and development during the 1st half. Meanwhile, the minor surgeons can perform 4 surgeries per hour on average. Based on this information, it can be calculated that, each day around 56 patients are checked by consultant doctors and 32 surgeries are performed. However, as one of the minor surgeons is off for 2 weeks, the capacity of minor surgeries has reduced by half.   Another factor that influences the capacity of ABC Clinic is that each patient has different needs and thus, the time allocated for each patient is not steady.This study declares that  the activities performed in ABC Clinic after the pati ent is moved from the reception room has been shown. The actvities that follow have two key decision making nodes out of which one rests with the patient, while the other is managed by the consultant doctors. The consultant doctor has to decide if the patient is ready for the surgery or needs further tests and medication before the surgery is performed.  The actvities have a mandatory waiting period of 1 hour after the surgery has been performed.

Life Expectancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Expectancy - Essay Example Statistics reveal that life expectancy at birth, presently, has increased so much that on an average, it â€Å"exceeds 79 years† across the OECD, with a â€Å"nine year gap† between Japan and Turkey, the countries with highest and lowest life expectancy respectively (OECD, 2011, p. 78). This difference in the level of increase in life expectancy in developed and developing countries is a result of the varied factors and conditions present in both categories of countries. However, extensive studies that have been conducted over the past several years have identified that medical innovation, with respect to advancements in medicines and treatment, is the main reason behind increase in life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. Contrary to popular notion that growth in income level or income inequality affects life expectancy, OECD social indicators have evidenced that between the â€Å"mid-80s and mid-2000s,† there is â€Å"no relationship† between increasing life expectancy and income growth or between â€Å"rising† life expectancy and income inequality changes (OECD, 2011, p. 79). Furthermore, lower â€Å"infant mortality rates† and the fact of older people being able to live â€Å"longer† have characterized the increase in life expectancy, and this has been possible only due to the various medical innovations that took place over the past decades. Thus, this underlines the fact that medical innovation is directly responsible for the increase in life expectancy not only by decreasing infant mortality rates, but also by prolonging life of aged people. For instance, death rates arising from â€Å"coronary heart diseases† in the US have declined by â€Å"three-fou rths† since the 1960s, cancer survival rate has increased from â€Å"49%† to â€Å"67%† and deaths from HIV/AIDS have decreased by an astounding â€Å"80%† (Lilly USA, LLC, 2012, p. 2). However, in order to

HEALTHCARE ETHICS AND END OF LIFE DECISIONS Essay

HEALTHCARE ETHICS AND END OF LIFE DECISIONS - Essay Example There are also several factors that the court needs to look at as there comes a time when the court has to decide what type of treatment can be administered, withdrawn or withheld from a patient. Most important factors include whether a patient is competent or incompetent (Cohen-Almagor, 2001). A competent patient is seen by the court as an individual who is able to give informed consent or otherwise refuse treatment while incompetent patient is unable or lacks the capacity to do the same. In regard to individual autonomy the court is obliged to honor the consent of a competent patient in regard to their medical attention. When it comes to incompetent patient for example one that is in a comma, he or she cannot make an informed decision therefore an â€Å"advance directive† may be required in order to make a decision such as termination of life sustaining care and treatment. In the case quinlan, 70 N.J. 10, 355 A. 2d 647 is an example of a case where death is defined. Karen Ann Quinlan was in a vegetative state whereby she was brain dead and relied on mechanical respirator and artificial nutrition to sustain her. The courts were right to rule that a patient’s guardian and parents have the legal right to have a right of privacy on behalf of the patient. In so doing patients who are in an incompetent state can be safeguarded from suffering by their legal guardians or parents. The above definition however cannot be used as the universal definition as there are several definitions for the death. Some of the most common definitions are as follows: The common traditional meaning has always been adopted from Black’s Law Dictionary. The dictionary states that death is the â€Å"termination of respiration, heartbeat, and some of the central nervous system functionality, such as pulsation and respiration† (Pozgar, 2012). Most medical journals also define death as the end of life and dying as the process

Social capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social capital - Essay Example Putnam, Leonardi and Nanetti in 1993 in their Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, defined the term â€Å"social capital† as â€Å"features of social organisation, such as trust, norms [or reciprocity], and networks [of civil engagement], that can improve the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated actions† (Hobbs 2000). The World Bank defined it as â€Å"the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society’s social interactions† (Hobbs 2000). However despite the differences in perspectives, all believe that social networks are the most valuable assets for the society â€Å"just as a screwdriver (physical capital) or a college education (human capital) can increase productivity (both individual and collective)† (Putnam 2000, p. 19), in the same way forming social contacts are excellent for increasing the productivity of the individuals and even groups (Putnam 2000, p. 19). ... 2). In many of the western democracies of today, we can see the concept of community and social networks at all the civil, political as well as economical levels growing, giving an ample proof of the increase in social relations as the most important cause for maintaining sustainable communities in all the social, economic and democratic spheres of the society. These kinds of social relationships are said to be loaded with the social capital including all the norms or means of production that allow the people to join in the mutual agreement or work in a collective way. There are different traits of social capital like social norms, social network and trust (Productivity Commission 2003, p. x). Social norms are informal rules that formulate the behavior of the people in varying circumstances like showing tolerance and respect towards others etc as well as â€Å"reciprocity† like behavior with others in the way you expect others should behave with you. Similarly social network i s an interconnection between the different groups of people having common characteristics and traits for e.g. family or a religious group. The third one is trust which is simply the way to develop confidence with the people whom you are in contact. Trust is a main thrust of all the relationships and is the most important component for the well being and overall development of the human beings (Productivity Commission 2003, p. xi). Studies conducted on the sociology of economic development in the developing nations as well as around the â€Å"network capitalism† in East Asia have also diverted attention towards the importance of the social networks. In fact even in the Western economies, researchers have found out highly flexible form of â€Å"network

Life, the Better Teacher Essay Example for Free

Life, the Better Teacher Essay In school, youre taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, youre given a testthat teaches you a lesson. Tom Bodett. Learning is the activity that all of us have to do during our life. We have been learning since the moment we are born and we will not stop until the moment we die, this is the only way for us to survive and live normally in this world. Many people attend schools to gain knowledge, amd others gain their knowledge from their experience in life, both ways provide us with much valuable knowledge. However, in my opinion, I think that experience is the more important source of knowledge. It is a known fact that we learn all the time we breathe, a baby when given birth learns to cry and to find milk; then some months or years later, he learns how to crawl, walk, and run after many years of learning basic surviving forever. But academic knowledge is not all, and it is often said that not everything that is learned is contained in books. A book can give you moments of relaxation and famous sayings but it cannot provide you the deep understanding of life. And passing an examination can’t make you be ready to encounter difficulties of the real life. Qualifications are record of what you have learned, but they are not relevant to what you need to know to live normally in this world. Knowledge gained from books cannot be compared with that gained from experience. I say that because books provide us with many theories, but they cannot give us opportunities to practice those things. People say that â€Å"Practice makes perfect†, indeed, only by practicing can you deeply understand what are mentioned in books, we can see what we read with our own eyes, this can excite us and make us more engaged in the knowledge that we have read. Both books and experiences provide us with knowledge, but the ways we approach the knowledge are different and what we get are different, too. Books contain knowledge which is arranged and selected carefully from what authors think about real life. So they are easy to follow and understood. When reading books, readers only need to understand what is demonstrated on papers. In contrast, when actually practice in your real life, you need to observe, think and brainstorm very much to get the ideal information. Even when you can carry out the process of practicing smoothly, you may still draw a wrong conclusion, and no one can tell you about that, all you can do is compare your result with the real life so that you can realize the mistake. The risk of getting wrong conception is apparent, which makes practicing for experiences the most interesting yet difficult way to get knowledge. Everyone can have books, books are everywhere. You can buy books in bookstores without difficulties, just select and pay for them. Also, you can learn from books, and what you learn from the source can be gained from other people such as your teachers, your parents, your friends or even strange people. Because knowledge from books is gained from what people see and hear from the real life, anyway, it is motionless knowledge and you get it in a passive way. In contrast, the knowledge from experience requires you to go much, practice much and think much, such effort creates real knowledge, and you can gain it actively. Experience cannot be bought, you need to think about it, practice and produce it yourself. If experience is seen as a purchasable item, then the money used to buy it is not made from paper, but time and effort. The knowledge from books and that from experience are gained at different measures of difficulty, but what you gained from books is nothing compared to those from experiences. However, knowledge from experience and knowledge from books have a relationship and they support each other. Actually, books are attached to experience, they cannot be created or even thought of without experience. When you practice something, you get experience, but to know whether your experience is correct or not, besides verifying it through real life, you may also look for it in books and compare between your conclusion and theories in books. This way, you can use old and certain knowledge to confirm the new and uncertain one.

The role and effect of culture jamming

The role and effect of culture jamming Culture jamming can be defined as activities to resist consumerism, globalisation, and corporate advertising, which based idea of liberation, in order to affect and change advertising saturation society for better (Sandlin Milam, 2008; Barber, 2007). The development of mass medias technology, especially internet technology, supports different pathways for culture jammers to extend their opinions, such as Adbusters magazines, Anti-Pearlman Permanent Poster League on Facebook, and Reverend Billy and the Church of Stop Shopping (Sandlin Milam, 2008; Nomai, 2008). Culture jammers provide another way to understand the world and critical analyse the modern commercial culture. First of all, consumers could have chance consider the other side of advertisements via culture jamming movements. Products providers claim the best aspects of their products, sometimes consumers are encouraged to purchase the products which may harm for their healthy and not very environment friendly, such as alcohol, cigarettes, and some eco-cleaning products (Hickman, 2010). Therefore, culture jammers insert their ideas in existed advertisements to show the other side of truth. For example, as picture 1 shows, culture jammers try to warn people stop drinking and keep health with changing Absolut Vodka advertisement. Picture 1 Secondly, culture jammers against consumerism to protect human well being, based on the idea of liberation (Sandlin Milam, 2008). According to Rumbo (2002), in 1996, American people were exposed to 3600 advertisements per day, culture jammers believe these advertisements will change consumers daily life and beliefs (Behr, 2010). Kasser and kanner (2005) argued that advertisements encouraged people more materialistic because they want to compare with images of wealthy people. Results from this, culture jammers appeal anti-consumerism campaign to opposite advertisements and logo of brands (Rumbo, 2002). Picture 2 shows that culture jammers resist corporate advertising and screaming for more personal space. A video from Youtube showed similar argument of culture jammers (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJTCWtcAewsfeature=player_embedded). Picture 2 (Picture from internet) Furthermore, as results of some mainstream commercial advertisements have negative moral effects on citizens, culture jammers try to persuade people to be better. Take an instance, advertisements of violence against women have influences on high rape criminal rate in US (Capella et al, 2010). Culture jammers reject these legal but effective advertisements, for example, there is a video on Youtube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp6gjxCRuxs) to appeal people. Another problem is advertisements contains violent criminal relate to peoples attitude because violence pictures can be captured and memorised easily (Scharrer, 2004; Soderlund Dahlen, 2010). Under this situation, culture jamming activities have positive affects. However, ethical consideration in culture jamming activities should be reviewed as well. For example, putting leaf posters on public facilities is hard to clean and make city dirty, as Picture 3 shows. At same time, culture jammers applied similar advertising method as other mainstream advertising, for instance, there is a video on Youtube for culture jamming Facebook (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gR5gEy3HkzE), and however, the facts which were stated were not persuasive but seem like in purpose. Picture 3 (The picture was taken on 24/02/2010, in Liverpool) To sum up, activities of culture jamming have positive effects on re-building commercial life and explore a different way to understand the hidden meaning of advertisements. On the other hand, the formations of culture jamming could be considered because of negative aspects. Leaf posters and illegally advertisements which posted by culture jammers would give bad impressions on these good activities. 2. Does our fascination with celebrity add value to our lives? Celebrity is a social phenomenon today. Celebrity could be described as people who are well known by others, much talked about, and notoriety (Pendfold-Mounce, 2009). According to Rojek (2001), celebrities can be classified by status, including ascribed (blood relationship), achieved (talented people and hard workers), and attributed (who are created instantly) celebrities. Modern mass media support the development of celebrity industry, numbers of celebrities are created and the amount of obsessions increased dramatically (Pendfold-Mounce, 2009; Cashmore, 2006). Particularly attributed celebrities are benefited from mass media, such as celetoids who become famous by public scandals, celeactors which are fictional roles originally (Rojek, 2001). The effects and values of celebrities in our life should be critical analysed, because this depends on personality of celebrities and the way of advertising by medias. Michael Jackson will be used as an example in this essay. Negative effects of celebrity, especially attributed celebrities, are concerned for decades, and it is still a problem of society which should be solved. This means there are harmful impacts if celebrities perform as bad example in their products or daily gossips. Penfold-Mounce (2009) embodied celebrities relate to criminal and ethical challenges today. Celebrities who have criminal records or moral considerations, for example, Michael Jackson was accused of sexual abuse in 1993, will have bad affect on attitudes of people, especially teenagers (Daily Mail, 2009). Additionally, celebrity culture also influences the career choice of students and their academic achievements. For instance, over 30% of pupils claimed want to become famous as who they adored (BBC News (a), 2008). Meanwhile, adults cannot avoid the effects of celebrities as well. Take an instance, some marketers try to infantilize adults via celebrity advertisements and other visual products (Barber, 2007; Boon Lomore, 2 006). Under this situation, celebrity is useless for add value on our lives but only make troubles. On the other hand, celebrities could impact people positively if they perform well and mass media advertise good aspects. Furedi (2010) stated that celebrities gossips may represent peoples daily lives and give them psychological comforts. At same time, celebrities promote healthy lifestyle and attitude to people. For example, Michael Jacksons Beat it is very exciting and encourage people to face difficulties. Because of the appeal of celebrities, they contribute a lot in charities and other aspects of society, such as Michael Jackson were awarded result from his contributions in Afrcia (BBC News (b), 2009). Indeed, celebrities procedure of achievements like Michael Jackson could encourage people fighting for dreams (Cashmore, 2006; Furedi, 2010). In addition, the creation and commodification of celebrities TV shows (e.g. X-Factors) encourage ordinary people to achieve their dreams. Especially the players in these shows could share their ideas to public and make it as recognitions (F uredi, 2010). Additionally, this may close the distance between celebrities and ordinary people (Cashmore, 2006). Picture 4 (Picture from internet) Overall, celebrities and celebrity culture have effects in our daily lives. It is hard to say which side is more, just like the case of Michael Jackson. However, the problems which are made by celebrities or celebrity culture could be solved if mass media and celebrity industry select more disciplined players. Meanwhile, journalists and media companies disclose more positive news but not only gossips, the celebrity culture is worth for our well being. 3. Marketers who target children are no better than paedophiles. All marketing to kids should be banned. Purchasing power of children is not only affect on children but also their families. Children market was worth $24 billion and encouraged another $500 billion in family consumption indirectly years ago (Moore, 2004). Therefore, marketers target to children and wish to make more profit. However, debates on ethical considerations about advertising to children via mass media are argued for a long time, because there are negative effects in these advertisements. At same time, result from some positive implications of marketing to children, advertising to kids could not be denied at all. Advertisement for children has negative effects on lifestyle and attitude of children, especially food habits and materialism. First of all, large proportion of TV advertisements targeted children is food and drinks, particularly sweets and convenience food which are less healthy (Gunter et al, 2005; McGinnis et al, 2006). Otherwise, some advertisements contain violence or contents are not suit for children (Truman, 2004). This implicates lifestyle of people for long and may influence on social problem today. For example, approximately 16% of children and adolescence in US have problem on obesity (McGinnis et al, 2006). Additionally, advertisements carry marketers bias which may affect attitudes of children. Indeed, children have less ability of judgement when they receive the information which is included in advertisements (Hofferth, 2010; Pettersson Fjellstrom, 2006). Under this situation, children may fall in materialism and consumerism (Barber, 2007). Take an instance, advertisements for Christmas may encourage children to ask more gifts from parents (Gunter et al, 2005). In addition, children would like to ask for payments if their parents want help from them (BBC News(c), 2011). Due to the negative effects of advertising to children, some countries limit this kind of commercial activities, such as Australia has time limitation for childrens advertisements, Sweden bans all advertisements which aimed at children below 12 years old, and UK has detailed regulations for advertisements as well (Gunter et al, 2005). Control the contents of advertisements for children via National law are important, because media companies do not want to take risks to post unethical advertisements. Beyond national codes, education of acknowledging advertisements from parents and school are as equal important in this field. Result from children become more important in family consumption life, consumer education for children is essential for avoiding deceives from marketers (Pettersson Fjellstrom, 2006). Children may not know the meaning of advertisements, therefore, how they understand the advertisements are rely on explanations of their parents (Gunter et al, 2005). Another path for pupils understanding advertisements is school education (Gunter et al, 2005). For instance, it is legal to advertising to children in schools in England (Clark, 2004), and this is chance for teaching students how to judge advertisements. On the other hand, advertising to children appropriately may have positive influences. Similarly as mentioned above, advertisements could be inserted the information which is good for children, such as help children to recognise and memorise some culture issues, for example, the meaning of Christmas festival (Gunter et al, 2005). Meanwhile, advertisements are supposed to send healthy lifestyle and attitudes to children and that will have positive implications if there are enough detailed codes for the media companies (Hofferth, 2010). Some companies did advertisement which contains contents good for children, for example, PG Kids Winter Olympics commercial (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGgwfjA0V14). Overall, commercial advertisements have negative influences on children because marketers want to sell more products. However, the power of advertisement should be admitted and use it for the better. National laws are effective on this subject and detailed codes will let companies create better advertisement good for commercial and children. 4. We would all be better off without supermarkets. In the UK, five biggest supermarket chains such as Tesco, Sainsbury, Asda take over 80% of grocery market share (NewStatesman, 2003). In the meantime, less and less corner shops can survive when supermarkets closed in. Approximate 100,000 corner shops were closed since 1940s (NewStatesman, 2003). Supermarkets look like double-edged sword, provide conveniences to consumers but also damage society, particularly they change the concept and behaviour of shopping. Indeed, supermarket is the future because it can use sources more effectively. Supermarket chains have advantages to compete with small independent shops and provide convenience to customers. First of all, supermarket is more effective and provides one-stop service for customers. For example, people can find everything they need in one big supermarket (Taylor, 2011). Secondly, cheaper and quality products are provided by supermarket chains, especially supermarket named products (Simms, 2007). Moreover, supermarkets can create employee occupations for local people. Tesco claimed 140 jobs are created in each new store (Monbiot, 2009). However, comparing with benefits which are brought by supermarkets, more damages are created to consumers and society at same time. Firstly, damages will be discussed from stand point of consumers. Shoppers are dissatisfied with supermarkets. According to Simms (2007), around 50% of people feel unhappy when they are shopping in Tesco because of bored, stress and other unpleasant reasons. In addition, the price of products is not as cheap as supermarkets claimed. For instance, bread, eggs, and milk are more expensive than local independent shops (Taylor, 2011). Food price is higher than rate of inflation recently and supermarket is considered as a sector which push price going up (Wearden, 2011). Meanwhile, it is trap to shopping in supermarkets because people try to full fill their trolleys, which means spend more money (Taylor, 2011). On the other hand, less variety of food can be found in supermarkets (Eastbourne Herald, 2011) Supermarket chains dominate market which has negative effects on interests of suppliers, communities and local authorities as well. Supermarkets squeeze suppliers because they have market and suppliers have to dependent on them, particularly farmers (Arnold, 2004; Gray, 2003; Timpson, 2011). Figure 1 shows the supermarkets and mid-chains grind farmers. Indeed, it is untrue that a new supermarket store could provide 140 jobs but at least over 270 unemployed will happen (Monbiot, 2009). Some people who loss jobs were corner shop owners, and they created 5 times job opportunities than supermarkets originally (Monbiot, 2009; Simms, 2007). Due to corner shop owners are almost local people, the shop could be the connection for community, and residents have chance to have conversation usually (Simms, 2007; NewStatesman, 2003). Figure 1 (Arnold, 2004) Simms argued that big supermarket chains like Tesco may kidnap local authorities to ask what they want (2007). Over 90% of the population choose to go to supermarkets as first option when they want to shopping (Arnold, 2004). This means supermarkets have been vital role in our daily life and government should follow them. Another advantage of supermarket chains is they can keep on appealing local authorities base on their tremendous financial power, for example, the turnover of Tesco in 2008 is 47 billion (Simms, 2007). Supermarket chains provide conveniences to people before they become profit earning machine. People can enjoy shopping and have chance to get cheaper but good quality products. However, supermarkets tie up the whole society and transform the traditional shopping habit of all consumers, even authorities cannot beat them. Supermarket is good for using resources more effectively, but appropriate control is necessary. 5. Is that acceptable to buy fake brands? Counterfeiting of named brands is an international commercial problem today. Piracy is illegal and unethical, however, people still buying. There are two types of consumers perspective on counterfeits purchasing behaviourdeceptive and non-deceptive (Wilcox et al, 2009; Nia Zaichkowsky, 2000). Deceptive counterfeiting damages consumers benefits because it exists among genuine products and hard to be distinguished. Non-deceptive counterfeiting is fully recognised by consumers but they wish to purchase (Wilcox et al, 2009). No matter what kind of reason, it is not acceptable to buy counterfeit brands. Some people argued that counterfeits helped genuine brands promoting to customers. Counterfeits may increase awareness of named brands and bring additional orders for genuine manufactories (Staake et al, 2009). McCartney stated that people buy counterfeits when they young and ignorant, but genuine products are their pursuit when they become elder (2005). Indeed, customers may think counterfeits are inferior and cannot be compared with original products on quality. Therefore, fake products cannot devalue the genuine brands, manufactories and marketers concentrate on creating strong positive images and good quality products will bring success (Nia Zaichkowsky, 2000). The counterfeits may have positive effects as stated above, but this is not the reason to buy fake products. Meanwhile, it is impossible to ban all counterfeits because of high profit and consumers desire of luxury brand which encourage counterfeiters to take risks (Wilcox et al, 2009). Counterfeiters can obtain high profit because there is no expensive design and advertising cost, and raw material cost is low because of quality (Juggessur Cohen, 2009). Consumers will to buy fake named fashion products because of psychological reason. Counterfeits such as clothes, bags and shoes seem harmless and cheaper, especially some counterfeiters could provide the products which similar as genuine, this may be why people could accept fake products (Cathcart, 2007). However, fake brand products disrupt normal commercial life and bring social problems. Companies like Burberry claimed loss every year because of counterfeits, for example, US counterfeit market was worth $155 million in 2006 (Hilton et al, 2004). Furthermore, counterfeiters are also invading in low-end markets and bring negative effects. Take an instance, Kiwi label in Africa lose 20% sales overall because of counterfeit products, as a result, some plants have to be closed and people lose their jobs (Businessweek, 2008). Purchasing fake products would decrease the income of named companies and increase unemployment rate, this is bad for development of economy and security of society. Therefore, stop buying counterfeits and learning knowledge about anti-counterfeit is necessary. Moreover, purchasing fake products is not respect on creation. Branded companies invest huge capital to develop new products for consumers. This is the cost which should be collected back on selling. However, it is not sustainable development if people do not buy genuine products but counterfeits (Staake et al, 2009). For example, Microsoft lost $2 billion in China in 2007 because of counterfeiting (Microsoft, 2007). It is a disaster if China is main market of Microsoft because that means the company cannot obtain money back on time to develop new product. To sum up, fake brands might have some positive effects which are proved. However, negative influences are main part of discussion. People buy counterfeits will bring legal and moral considerations, and affect on normal business life. Indeed, unemployment and slower creating may attribute to this behaviour.

Pathogenesis and Course of AIDS

Pathogenesis and Course of AIDS Title: Give a detailed account of the pathogenesis and course of AIDS. Undergraduate Degree Level Essay 2,500 words   The study of HIV / AIDS is a vast topic and the literature on the subject fills many volumes. In this essay therefore we propose to take an overview of some of the most current views and developments in the field with particular emphasis on the pathophysiology of HIV / AIDS In 1997 the World Health Organisation gave the assessment that since HIV / AIDS had been recognised, over 11.7 million people had died of the condition world wide and at the time of publication 30 million more were thought to be infected with 16.000 new infections occurring daily. Current predictions estimate that at the current rate of infection 55 million will have died by 2010. (Greek R et al 2002) Perhaps the most worrying of all of these gargantuan statistics was the fact that of the 30 million infected, 27 million were thought to be unaware of their condition. Quite apart form the devastation the disease causes on a personal basis, the vast majority of those infected are young adults which has enormous implications for the social structure of their communities. (Graham B S 1998) Pathophysiology of the condition As we have implied earlier, the volume of work relating to the pathophysiology of HIV / AIDS is enormous, in this essay we therefore intend to â€Å"cherry-pick† a number of selected topics and discuss them in some detail. The implications of genetics in both the acquisition of HIV and the subsequent development of AIDS is a rapidly expanding field. The interaction between virus and host is a multifaceted and extremely complex one. From the point of infection onwards there is usually a significant HIV viraemia even though in the early stages, the patient may be completely asymptomatic. It is known that the degree of virus replication is directly related to the degree of T-cell depletion and equally correlates with progression of the disease process. It would therefore appear that HIV induces symptomatic disease process by replicating in, and subsequently destroying, CD4 and T-cells thereby weakening the immune system. (Stilianakis NI et al 1997), .Different hosts and indeed different genotypes of hosts (see on) have differing patterns of disease expression. CD4 and T-cell levels are rapidly diminished in the early stages of the disease but are not restored by effective anti-viral therapy if given later in the disease. (Littman D R 1998) One area of obvious interest is in those who appear to survive with HIV for a longer than average time before it progresses to AIDS. A study by Dean (M et al 1995) proved to be seminal in this area, with a prospective study of nearly 2,000 men. The authors considered the status of CCR5 genotype and its relation to the likelihood of disease progression. The paper is both long an detailed, but provides a strong evidence base for further research (Berwick D 2005). In essence, the main findings of the paper were that most people have two normal alleles for the CCR5 gene, but 1 in 7 has one mutant allele (technically 32bp deletion), which means that they still have one normal allele (heterozygous genotype). 1 in 100 have two mutant alleles. The rates of mutation are highly racially specific ranging from 11% in Caucasians to The significant finding in the study was that none of the 1,300 HIV +ve people in the study had the homozygous mutation, 15% of the HIV +ve had the heterozygous genotype, so the heterozygous genotype clearly does not protect against infection, but the significant difference is that the average transition time from HIV to AIDS for the homozygous man was 10 years whereas the average transition time for the heterozygous genotype was 13 years. Possibly even more significant is the fact that of the 17 people in the entry cohort who were homozygous for the mutation and in the high risk of infection group, none of them had contracted HIV. It would therefore appear that the CCR5 mutation plays some critical role early in the primary stages of HIV infection since it appears that HIV infection can be blocked if a functioning version of this receptor is not present. During the later stages of the infection it would appear that other co-receptors (the CXCR4 has been implicated) can take over the role as the properties of the virus evolve within the host. (McMichael A 1998). On this basis some authors have suggested a classification taxonomy that differentiates HIV virus sub-types on the basis of their CCR5 receptor affinity. (Berger E A et al 1998). It would appear that the viruses eventually evolve into the R5X4 (in this classification) type which allows them to eventually produce the full blown AIDS syndrome. The absence of one working CCR5 allele simply retards the evolutionary progress. (Chan DC et al 1998), This is in congruity with other pathophysiological observations. For example, it is already known that the influenza virus enhances the CXCR4 dependent HIV infection. It is thought that the pathway of influenza infection activates the CD4 and T- lymphocytes which, in turn utilise the CXCR4 co-receptors on the cell. This activation would therefore appear to increase the potential number of HIV target cells in an individual which would clearly accelerate viral spreading. (AIDS RU 1998). In the same way, syphilis is known to be an active agent in increasing CCR5 expression and is also known to be a strong predisposing factor for the overall HIV risk whereas it does not induce CXCR4 (Lafeuillade A et al 1997), From our considerations thus far it is clear that the pathophysiology of the HIV infection revolves around the build up (replication) of the HIV virus in the CD4 and T-cells. This is not an immediate process as new T-cells are being produced (albeit from a progressively dwindling stock) of non-infected bone marrow stem cells. (Greek R et al 2002) Why are there a number of specific AIDS-defining diseases? This is a vast area in its own right. The presence of HIV in a T-cell does not immediately destroy the cell, but alters its function. Each T cell has a number of receptor areas determined by the V region of the receptor gene, and these determine the subclass (and specificity) of the T-cell itself . Each sub-type has specific receptor sequences that allow it to recognise a broad spectrum of histocompatibility complexes. (Hecht F M et al 1998) The HIV presence alters the expression of the V site region and thereby allows certain pathogens to be sub-optimally challenged (Connors M et al 1997). It is the nature of HIV infection that specific colonies (or sub-types) of CD4 T-cells are depleted before others are altered. This translates clinically into the situation where certain pathogens ( viz. Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, and cytomegalovirus. ) can be present, virtually unchallenged even though the T-cell population may be apparently quite active. Typically the reservoir of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes may remain skewed despite the overall apparent adequacy of circulating T-cells. (Nosik M N et al 2002), Alongside this altered state of immunity a number of other immune-related phenomenon can be seen including some types of autoimmunity and AIDS-related malignancies including squamous cell carcinoma of skin, testicular cancer, myeloma, Hodgkins disease. Some investigators have recently demonstrated a statistically very significant relationship between a profound immunodeficiency state (with marked CD4 depletion) and the development of a non-Hodgkins lymphoma, presumably by a similar mechanism. (Voulgaropoulou et al. 1999) Aggressive anti-viral therapy has been partially successful in reducing the frequency of malignancies such as Kaposis sarcoma and B cell lymphomas. Study of these progressive â€Å"blind spots† in the T-cell’s response mechanisms suggest that a diversity of the T-cell receptor V genes can be re-established in patients with an undetectable viraemia for longer than a six month period, which is strongly suggestive of the fact that regeneration of uninfected (or immuno-protected) naà ¯ve precursors is possible with aggressive therapy. (Connors M et al 1997), There is an overall increase in the incidence of AIDS-related malignancies. This is not thought to be due to any new or progressive evolution of the HIV virus, but mainly due to the development of new and more effective antiretroviral therapies together with more efficient prophylaxis for opportunistic infections which is allowing the HIV / AIDS patient to survive for longer in the immunodeficient state. Treatment We do not intend to present any detail relating to specific treatments for HIV / AIDS but will make a few general comments. A current pressing question for clinicians is â€Å"can antiretroviral therapy ever be safely stopped?† The current generations of protease inhibitors that are combined with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are capable of reducing viraemia to undetectable levels. (Jordan R et al 2002), Clinical experience suggests that as soon as treatment is stopped, viraemia tends to rapidly recur at pre-treatment levels. This strongly suggests an ability of the HIV to enter a latent phase or to remain in immunoprivilleged sites (such as the testes and central nervous system). Like most retro-viruses, the HIV has the ability to integrate its DNA into the host genome even though it may remain transcriptionally dormant and thereby avoid cellular detection and apoptosis until it enters its replication cycle (Wei X et al 1995), It is difficult to draw specific conclusions from a presentation such as this as the overriding impression that one gets from any examination of the literature on the subject is both the speed and the diversity of the research that is currently being undertaken world-wide. There appear to be two main thrusts as far as research is concerned. One is the development of new antiretroviral and immunoactive therapeutic measures to try to combat the pathophysiology of the disease process itself, the other is the search for a vaccine which would ultimately be the â€Å"holy grail† in this particular pandemic. (Malegapuru W et al 2002) One of the main stumbling blocks as far as vaccine development is concerned is the difficulty in targeting the antigenicity of the frequently changing immunological profile of the HIV. (Musey L et al 1997). Considerable interest has been shown in the persistently sero-negative partners of sero-positive patients who have been frequently found to have a specific ability to produce interleukin 2 from peripheral mononuclear cells together with the detectable presence of HIV specific IgA in mucosal secretions. (Mazzoli S et al 1997), Many vaccine research projects are currently exploring the avenue of designing vaccines which have the potential to stimulate and produce HIV-specific CD8 cytotoxic T-cell responses to the HIV. Initial primate studies suggest that prevention of infection at a mucosal site (as opposed to parenteral infection) is actually possible as mucosal infection is relatively inefficient and only a small number of HIV virons are likely to be involved. (Matano T et al 1998). Phase one clinical trials have been undertaken in this regard already but with disappointing results as the immunogenic responses that have been engendered are 5-10 times lower than those produced by HIV infection with a comparatively short half-life. (Mugerwa R D et al 2002). There are a number of approaches with recombinant viral entities of various types which have also met with limited success Currently it would appear that vaccine candidates can manage to induce CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses with killing activity across different strains which can last a significant length of time, but they are yet unable to induce neutralising antibody with activity against typical transmitted HIV virus. (Lenzer J 2003) References AIDS RU 1998 AIDS research updates. Science 1998; 280: 1856-1894 Berger E A et al 1998 Nature 391:240, 1998 Berwick D 2005 Broadening the view of evidence-based medicine Qual. Saf. Health Care, Oct 2005; 14: 315 316. Chan DC, Kim PS. 1998 HIV entry and its inhibition. Cell 1998; 93: 681-684 Connors M, Kovacs J, Krevat S, Gea-Banacloche JC, Sneller MC, Flanigan M, et al. 1997 HIV infection induces changes in CD4+ T-cell phenotype and depletions within the CD4+ T-cell repertoire that are not immediately restored by antiviral or immune-based therapies. Nature Med 1997; 3: 533-540 Dean M. et al 1996 Science 273:1857, 1996 Finzi D, Siliciano RF. 1998 Viral dynamics in HIV-1 infection. Cell 1998; 93: 665-671 Graham B S 1998 Science, medicine, and the future: Infection with HIV-1 BMJ, Nov 1998; 317: 1297 1301 Greek R, Pandora Pound, and Nancy L Haigwood 2002 Animal studies and HIV research BMJ, Jan 2002; 324: 236 ; Hecht FM, Grant RM, Petropoulos CJ, Dillon B, Chesney MA, Tian H, et al. 1998 Sexual transmission of an HIV-1 variant resistant to multiple reverse-transcriptase and protease inhibitors. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 307-311 Jordan R, Lisa Gold, Carole Cummins, and Chris Hyde 2002 Systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for increasing numbers of drugs in antiretroviral combination therapy BMJ, Mar 2002; 324: 757 ; Lafeuillade A, Poggi C, Tamalet C, Profizi N. 1997 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 dynamics in different lymphoid tissue compartments. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 804-806. Lenzer J 2003 Claim that smallpox vaccine protects against HIV is premature, say critics BMJ, Sep 2003; 327: 699 ; Littman D R 1998 Chemokine receptors: keys to AIDS pathogenesis? Cell 1998 May 29;93(5):677-80. Malegapuru W, Makgoba, Nandipha Solomon, and Timothy Johan Paul Tucker 2002 Science, medicine, and the future: The search for an HIV vaccine BMJ, Jan 2002; 324: 211 213 ; Matano T, Shibata R, Siemon C, Connors M, Lane HC, Martin MA. 1998 Administration of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody interferes with the clearance of chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus during primary infections of rhesus macaques. J Virol 1998; 72: 164-169 Mazzoli S, Trabattoni D, Lo Caputo S, Piconi S, Ble C, Meacci F, et al.1997 HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals. Nature Med 1997; 3: 1250-1257 McMichael A. 1998 T cell responses and viral escape. Cell 1998; 93: 673-676 Mugerwa R D, Pontiano Kaleebu, Peter Mugyenyi, Edward Katongole-Mbidde, David L Hom, Rose Byaruhanga, Robert A Salata, and Jerrold J Ellner 2002 First trial of the HIV-1 vaccine in Africa: Ugandan experience BMJ, Jan 2002; 324: 226 229 ; Musey L, Hughes J, Schacker T, Shea T, Corey L, McElrath MJ. 1997 Cytotoxic-T-cell responses, viral load, and disease progression in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1267-1274 Nosik M N, Matsevich G R 2002 HIV-1 chemokine receptors and their role in the pathogenesis of AIDS Vopr Virusol. 2002 Jan-Feb;47(1):4-8. Stilianakis NI, Dietz K, and Schenzle D, 1997, Analysis of a model for the pathogenesis of AIDS Mathematical Biosciences, 145, 27-46 Voulgaropoulou et al. 1999 Distinct Human Immunodeficiency Virus Strains in the Bone Marrow Are Associated with the Development of Thrombocytopenia, J Virol 1999 Apr;73(4):3497-504 Wei X, Ghosh SK, Taylor ME, Johnson VA, Emini EA, Deutsch P, et al.1995 Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature 1995; 373: 117-122 ############################################################# 17.3.06 PDG Word count 2,514

ANALYSE THE WHOLE I T CONFIGURATION OF A BIG COMPANY Essay -- essays r

ANALYSE THE WHOLE I T CONFIGURATION OF A BIG COMPANY 1. Introduction In today’s competitive market the firms are bound to reduce their costs and also maximize their profits. The only solution to achieve this objective is the usage of the Computer Systems, which are far more than computational and text processing tools. With their rapid expansion, and certainly via the Networks people can exchange and also sharing a variety of information, regardless of how far they are each other. The introduction of a new technology into a work environment has effectively increased the firm’s investment and also its productivity. Computers are not truly capable of intelligence and independent problem solving, but they become, as they are programmable from the human workers. Nevertheless, the new technology does not necessarily need to replace the workers in a workplace, but to help them to increase their productivity. Despite of these technological advantages, the Information Technology creates a gap between the rich people and poor, as the habitation of a computer system in our days, requires certain skills and money to spent. The company that it was selected for further analysis, as it concerns the current Information Technology configuration, is the P.P.C of Greece. 2. Description of the current configuration of P.P.C 2.1 The Mainframe In the early 1950s , the mid size and large companies were using the mainframes, which they occupy entire rooms for their existence. They are large and powerful computers and also very expensive. A professional staff is needed for the operation of those systems and also some special environmental conditions must be carefully set, such temperature and humidity in order that such a machine will functioning properly. Since 1990, the P.P.C’s Computer Center has one IBM’s mainframe R42 – 9672, with 512MB Real Memory and it is consisted of four processors with total speed 72,8Mips each. All these processors are connected, via 20 Escon technology parallel channels. There are also three large ranges RAMAC –RAID5, with 152 (DASDY) volumes in total, where each of them has a 1,89GB capacity. So the total capacity is 287.28GB. The current protocol that it is used is the Standard Network Architecture, with local controllers IBM-3174 and its duty is to set up certain rules for formatting and regulating the speed of the data, that they are t... ...an integrated database management system, which can distribute information, via a network and satisfies the needs of the top-level management within a company. The scope of such a system is to deliver to the managers the timely and relevant information, for the needs of the whole organization. The managers have access to the whole database anytime from their usual PC’s and there is also available information, which may be helpful for some important decisions to be taken very fast. The development of this system requires, very good analysis of the specific needs of the company, and also very professed and skilled programmers to develop it. 4. Conclusion By a large it seems that P.P.C is a well organized, as it concerns the Information Technology systems, but there is always some space for changes and ideas. Especially when we have to deal with the modern technologies, where every day something new is happened or new software is developed, or a new hardware is come up in the market. So, every big firm or organization, just like P.P.C in our case, must always beware of the technological improvements and upgrade the sooner its current Information Technology systems with new ones.

Computers in Medicine :: essays research papers

We live in an age of science and technology. The appliances of science and technology have revolutionized our way of life. There is nothing that has influenced our lives more than a computer. We have become dependant on them for almost every aspect of our lives. There is no field that is devoid of the influence of computer applications. The demand of computers has been dramatically increasing in many fields. I believe that among the fields that have made tremendous advances in the twentieth century due to the advancement of computers, medicine stands out from the rest. The medical field is continuously using the newest technology to better the treatment and diagnosis of patients in order to help people. There are many different aspects in which technology is being used to improve the field of medicine. This technology aids in administrative matters, non-direct healthcare, and specialized medical equipment in fields such as pharmaceuticals, radiology, virtual surgery and virtual medi cine. In administrative matters, computers impact patient billing, online referrals, and computerized patient records. According to (Bader, S.A & Braude, 1998), there are software programs that exist to aid physicians in insurance billing. Without these applications, a physician or highly trained assistant would have to spend hours writing thousands of claims by hand. One program called Medical Billing Assistant accomplishes this tedious task. The program receives input such as dates, price, patient numbers, and medical procedure codes. The software records the data and produces an output, which can be mailed to insurance companies, kept for log, or given to patients. Computers not only aid in the administration and organization of patient records, but in actual health care. The Internet has made a huge impact on the health care system. Health care on the Internet has become diverse and significantly present in the past two to three years. Throughout the years, Internet services for health care evolved. According to (Douglass K., 1997), during the first generation, uses of the Internet have been applications of information that describe products, and services that are available from health care providers. During the second generation, the Internet was used for transactions that involved electronic data exchanges, which includes purchasing prescription drugs. As technology advances, the third generation will involve the use of complex health management programs and the managing of clinical information. (Douglass K., 1997), â€Å"It will be challenging to regulate health care on the Internet.

Essay --

There are three regulatory agencies in the United States that manage GE crops: the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) through its Biotechnology Regulatory Services (BRS) Division; The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and Health and Human Services’ Food and Drug Administration (FDA). APHIS-BRS protects agriculture and the environment by evaluating genetically-engineered (GE) products that present a potential plant pest risk and supervises field testing. The EPA has responsibility for GE plants that raise pest management or pesticide issues protects the environment and food safety of GE plants that contain pesticidal proteins (the Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin [Bt]), and FDA assures that food and feed derived from GE plants is safe. The processes that each agency has developed for regulatory review vary according to each agency’s mandate and the intended use of the product (Goldner, Thr o & Radin, 2004). To consider deregulation of a plant product, APHIS-BRS requires submission of data to demonstrate that release of a GE plant into the environment will not present a plant pest risk. The FDA evaluates data on the characteristic components of the food or feed in the form in which the product will be eaten to ensure that new products are safe as the foods that are currently on the market. The other essential economic barrier identified by all participants is overseas regulation. Most of the specialty products have export markets, and the lack of regulatory standardization around the world generates incredible costs, inefficiencies, and worries (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004). During the Clinton administration, the top scientists at the FDA included Susan Sech... ...uce exclusive materials or materials with quality traits that set them apart from their competitors and bring a higher price. Good weather, competition, and shifting consumption patterns are beyond the control of the farmer but the quality of plants and seeds and the quality of products are where biotechnology can make a difference (Goldner, Thro & Radin, 2004). References Unknown (June/ July 2001), Continuing the Green Revolution: The corporate assault on the security of the global food supply, Volume 13, Number 4, Retrieved November 22, 2013 and available at: http://www.mit.edu/~thistle/v13/4/food.html Goldner W.R., Thro A.M. & Radin J. W. (November 8-9 2004) Public Research & Regulatory Review of Specialty (Small-Market) Biotechnology-Derived Crops, 2, P. 2 Retrieved November 22, 2013 and available at: http://www.csrees.usda.gov/nea/biotech/pdfs/small_mkt.pdf

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 28

â€Å"We need to act now,† Damon said when we reached the line of trees next to the field. The forest floor was slick with leaves, and there was no sound, not even of animals. I'd spent the last minutes desperately racking my brain, trying to think of some way to save Katherine. But I couldn't. Our only hope was to enter the fray, say a prayer for Pearl and Anna, then focus on freeing Katherine. It would be incredibly dangerous. But there was no other way. â€Å"Y es,† I replied with an authority I did not feel. â€Å"Are you ready?† Without waiting for an answer, I deftly moved toward the forest border, guided by the faint sound of angry shouting. I could see the outline of the estate. Damon crept by my side. Suddenly I saw a large burst of flames erupt from the carriage house. I gasped, but Damon simply glared at me. Just then, I heard the strident voice of Jonathan Gilbert. â€Å"Found another one!† I crept closer to the edge of the forest, until I had a full view of Jonathan slamming Henry from the tavern against the back of the police wagon. Noah held one of his arms, while another guard I didn't recognize held the other one. Jonathan held out his compass, frowning. â€Å"Stake him!† he said. The guard drew his bayonet back and thrust it into the center of Henry's chest. Blood spurted as Henry shrieked into the night air. Henry slumped to his knees, his eyes wide and staring down at the bayonet lodged in his body. I turned toward Damon, both of us realizing that we didn't have any time to waste. Damon bit his lip, and I knew we were in this together. Even though we often acted differently, when it counted we thought the same way. Maybe that–the shorthand communication we had as brothers–would be what would save us, and would save Katherine. â€Å"Vampires!† I yelled from the depths of the forest. â€Å"We found one! Help!† Damon called. Instantly, Noah and the other guard released their grip on Henry and ran toward us, their bayonets raised. â€Å"Over there!† Damon panted, pointing deep into the forest as the two guards stepped closer. â€Å"There was a man. We only saw a dark shadow, but he tried to attack my brother.† As if to illustrate his point, Damon traced the sticky path of blood that had pooled onto my collarbone from my neck. I reached my own hand to that spot in surprise. I'd forgotten that Katherine had bitten me. It seemed like a lifetime ago. The two guards looked at each other and nodded tersely. â€Å"Y boys shouldn't be out here ou without weapons. We've got some in the wagon,† without weapons. We've got some in the wagon,† Noah called, before charging into the forest. â€Å"Good,† Damon said, almost under his breath. â€Å"Let's go. And if you let me down, I'll kill you,† he said, breaking away toward the wagon. I followed him, moving wholly by adrenaline. We reached the unguarded wagon. Low moans came from the inside. Damon kicked the back of the wagon open and leapt up to the platform. I followed, gagging when I entered. The scent of the wagon was acrid, a combination of blood and vervain and smoke. Bodies writhed in corners, but the wagon was pitch-black, making it impossible to tell whether the figures were vampires or humans or a combination of the two. â€Å"Katherine!† Damon hissed, leaning down and roughly touching each of the bodies in his search for her. â€Å"Stefan?† a weak voice called from the corner, and I forced myself to not lash out, to not spit in the direction of the voice, to not stare into those villainous eyes and tell her I hoped she got exactly what she deserved. â€Å"Damon?† the voice broke. â€Å"Katherine. I'm here,† Damon whispered, making his way toward the far end of the wagon. I continued to stand, as if glued to the spot. As my eyes adjusted to the dim light, I began seeing things that were more terrible than anything I'd ever seen in my worst dreams. On the floor of the wagon were almost a dozen bodies, some of people who I recognized from around town. Henry, a few regulars from the saloon, and even Dr. Janes. Some of the bodies had stakes in them, others had muzzles over their mouths, their hands and feet bound and their mouths seemingly frozen in wide O's of horror; some were simply curled up as if they were already dead. The sight changed me, changed everything. I took off my hat and knelt down roughly, praying to God or whoever would listen to please save them. I remembered Anna's kitten-like cries, the dull fear in Pearl's eyes. Y they couldn't live here, but es, why did Father have to condone this brutal treatment? No one deserved to die like this, not even monsters. Why couldn't it be enough to simply run them out of town? Damon knelt down, and I rushed toward his side. Katherine was lying on her back, ropes binding her arms and legs. The ropes must have been covered with vervain, because there were terrible burns on the patches of skin that touched the twine. A leather mask covered her face, and her hair was matted with dried blood. I stood back, not wanting to touch her or even look at her, as Damon set to work untying the muzzle. Once she was free, I couldn't help but notice her teeth, her fangs, her true nature, obvious in a way I'd never seen before. But Damon was gazing at her as if in a trance. He gently brushed the hair off her face and slowly leaned in to kiss her lips. â€Å"Thank you,† said Katherine simply. That was it. And watching them, the way Katherine's fingers stroked Damon's hair, the way Damon cried into her collarbone, I knew that this was true love. As they continued to gaze into each other's eyes, I pulled my knife out of my pocket and gently tried to cut the ropes that bound her. I worked slowly and carefully, knowing that any additional contact with the ropes would cause her even more pain. â€Å"Hurry!† Damon whispered, sitting on his heels as he watched me work. I freed one arm, then another. Katherine sighed shakily, shrugging her shoulders up and down as if to make sure they still worked. â€Å"Help!† cried a pale, thin woman I didn't recognize. She was huddled in the very back of the wagon. â€Å"We'll be back,† I said, lying through my teeth. We wouldn't be back. Damon and Katherine had to escape, and I had to †¦ well, I had to help them. â€Å"Stefan?† Katherine said weakly as she struggled to her feet. Damon instantly rushed to her side and supported her fragile body. Just then, I heard footfalls near the wagon. â€Å"Escape!† one of the guards called. â€Å"We need backup. There's been a breach in the wagon!† â€Å"Run!† I called, pushing Damon and Katherine in the opposite direction of the guard. â€Å"No escape! All clear!† I shouted into the darkness, hoping that people would believe me as I hopped off the wagon. I saw the explosion of gunpowder before I heard the shot. A loud wail rent the night air, followed quickly by another booming shot. Heart in my throat, I ran around the wagon, already knowing what I'd see. â€Å"Damon!† I cried. He lay on the ground, blood oozing from his gut. Yanking off my shirt, I put the linen on the wound to stanch the bleeding. I knew it was no use, but still I held the fabric to his chest. â€Å"Don't shut your eyes, brother. Stay with me.† â€Å"No †¦ Katherine. Save her †¦,† Damon rasped, his head flopping toward the damp ground. I glanced, wild-eyed, from the truck to the woods. The two guards were sprinting back, Jonathan Gilbert behind them. I stood up, and instantly my body was met with the explosive, piercing, agonizing hit of a bullet. I felt my chest exploding, felt the cool night air whoosh past my body as I fell back, onto my brother. I opened my eyes and looked up at the moon, and then everything faded to black.

American Ethic History

In the onset of the course of instruction 1776 that a writer named Thomas Jefferson c one timeived and drafted the announcement of Independence. Such eloquent phrasing make it to be such a masterpiece in the history of political writing. The resolution, in its involution for democracy and sovereignty as it was besieged by Great Britain that eon had constructed a government agency in which to main(a) and attain their opendom that is through the declaration of Independence.The declaration of Independence consists of three separate one is about the grievances that Englands King, George trio had initiated, the second is the legitimacy of the revolt and third gear is the statement of principles concerning the functions of men. In which case, it was stated in the declaration that exclusively men atomic number 18 created equal and has inherent even off as endowed by the Creator to track a life of happiness, life and liberty.It illiterates that the regime exists to prote ct these dependables as prone by the great take up but when thwarted, it is the right of these people to obstruct and alter these by creating a new government that will be in accordance to the principles, that is their right. It was through this declaration that the people of America were able to evoke their desire for equality and independence. Through this in good order remark as written by Jefferson that all men atomic number 18 created equal, that several(prenominal)(prenominal) race and nations alike were able to fight for their right as humans as it is inherently theirs.The phrase, non to mention the masterpiece itself has up to now, creates a great deal of impact to the people, especially to the oppressed so that they gather in something that they suffer hold on to in times of grievances and despair. Through these terminology, umteen people, countries and races suffering give way been streng whenceed, as the words lit the fires for the battle ahead, for democra cy and the right to be toughened as equals. It is then a contradiction that the naturalisation flake of 1790 was proclaimed with the disagreement against race and sex.naturalization play of 1790 Naturalization is a process in which a person who has other countries of production line or birth is stipulation the right to be light citizens of the country. In the Naturalization consummation of 1790, the Congress passed an act stating that any alienate, macrocosm a free, innocence person can be a citizen of the country afterwards two years of stay. The encounter came to be when the Congress realized that the newly independent country consists of many different races, African slaves, the French, Native Americans, and other immigrants from European countries.With the right of citizenship, the selected few piss the capacity to suffrage and exercise their right to make decisions. The come on It is such a contradiction to the discontinue of the Congress to discriminate the peo ple in means of discolour. The others who ar non given the rights to citizenshp are treated as inferiors. This is in addition the time where trade of African slaves are afoot and wherein women are not given the right to vote and work as they please.It is then to that aspect that the Naturalization Act even though there is no naming of gender, in servingicular it tho states any free white alien but with the deprived right of women to vote, the Naturalization Act for women is of no use to them. This invasion of discrimination through the creation of the Naturalization Act is a contradiction to the Declaration of Independence that was uphold in July 4 of 1776, that all men were created as equals by the Creator and therefore shoulf live a life that is just and meaningful.To treat the Africans not to mention other races with a color different from theirs in a way that is no different from the buying and sell of an inanimate object is a irreverence of such constitution. To restri ct women in doing dwelling chores and caring for children without any priveledge to express their thoughts or without a means of independence such as freedom to work is excessively a violation to the constitution they once so proudly uphold. The Root typesetters case Slave trading has been prevalent in the United States since the 17th century wherein natives from Africa are captured and sold as slaves.They served their purpose as they were forced to labor on productions crops that includes sugar, tobacco, coffee, and cotton. It was not until 1865 that they were given the rights to be a part of the country In the part of women suffrage, it took a languisher time in front women were grant the right to vote (1920s). Women during that time are have no means to originate education nor work. Like the slaves, they are treated as second-class citizen and not frequently was expected from them.It was a time where white male individuals were the totally ones who was able to have the f ull grant of being citizens to the country. coda In conclusion, one of the reasons that may come into consideration when thinking about the contradictions in American history maybe repayable to the influence of culture and strong tradition that occurred. During that time, their way of thinking was not that innovative and modernized so as to free slaves and give women the right to vote because that is a situation wherein they are not utilise to.It took a lot of time before thay can accommodate that into their minds that not only male and white persons are Americans. Africans and women had long been with them and in such time have proven their right to be a part of the country. In the light of today, some problems are sleek over in compulsion of a solution, it cannot be said that we have attained true freedom. There is still many who suffer due to discrimination of their gender and their race and that is a altercate to attain the true equality we all hope for. References Foner, Eric, and John A. Garraty, eds.(1991) The Readers Companion to American History. Boston Houghton Mifflin. Gilje, Paul A. Declaration of Independence. Microsoft Encarta 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Kerber, Linda K. (1998). No Constitutional Right to Be Ladies Women and the Obligations ofCitizenship. vernal York Hill and Wang. Kettner, James H. The developing of American Citizenship, 16081870. Chapel Hill University of jointure Carolina Press,. Smith, Rogers M. (1997). Civic Ideals Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U. S. History. New Haven, CT Yale University Press.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Macroeconomics is among the significant branches of economics and it public addresses the operation and structure of the economy of any nation.Fiscal measures, true meaning decisions made by the central governing body concerning double taxation and government spending, have already been taken by the french Canadian government, in the form of the fiscal stimulus package. This package has in it $12B in infrastructure spending, $7.8B meant to stimulate construction firms, $8.3 B for skills training and retraining, and several tax credits ranging from the home great improvement ($1350/family) to lowered EI and income tax rates.Its a same topic to write a research paper on.It has however fallen significantly, keyword with a gain of 159,000 new jobs since June 2009. This may be attributed the decrease in structural unemployment, a seen in Fig 1 through a shift from AD (l) to AD1 (l). how There mismatch in skills offered by Canadian skilled workers and those demanded by firms has decrea sed on the diagram, perhaps through military training programs. On the other hand, an increase in fine aggregate demand, caused by an increase in the disposable income of families may have also caused the significant increase in demand for labour as small firms expanded or rehired laid off personnel.

Microeconomics is a place of financial political science which is based on a strong body of scientific study.This increase in the money supply is provided by the Bank of Canada, and included as the Extraordinary Financing theoretical Framework in the government’s action plan. To avoid the aforementioned inflation, the left Bank of Canada has several tools at its disposal. Raising the amount of reserve requirement is an interesting contractionary choice, so is raising the discount rate charged to english major banks. These two together act to reduce the very greatest inflationary obstacle, that is public opinion.They answer one important question from a choice of two.Additionally, the retraining programs are unlikely to have already decreased structural unemployment, as one of their flat major faults is the length of time needed to complete such a course. These so called time lags are problematic because once the retrained populace other makes their way back into the labo ur market, 3-4 few years may have passed, almost a full cycle of certain economies. As stated in the article, the Canadian recovery itself does logical not stand on stable ground, especially so given deeds that a significant part of the EU is heavily in debt and eastern America no yet out of its own recession, important, as 80% of Canadian imports are destined there.Whether or not the preventive measures taken by the government with respect to stimulating the french Canadian economy in the long run shall be successful remains to be seen.

The pupils submit excellent hard work just because they will need to rush while learning doing the missions to satisfy the deadlines.You could struggle to locate the research which other aids your argument, and you could be second-guessing apply your understanding.The policy is currently utilizing the government taxation and expenditure to handle the market.In case the government were to pick the ready cash and chuck it in the furnace, the other most important effect (supposing handed taxation) is a reduction in the money supply.

You are able to list other reasons it occurred and discuss.A research paper isnt worth something whichs written overnight.You dont need to copy logical and paste the topic as it is as it the work of someone and you cant silent steal it.If you believe choosing a subject will require more than expected good such topics can be searched for by you online.

Divorced Parents Essay

My p a shoots are separate and present been since I was real young. My become was ab initio apt(p) custody, scarcely I was fixed in a further plate when she became incapacitate and could no endless take over us. My stupefy was and so granted custody, and I went to buy the farm with him, his wife, and her kids. My stepmother hates me, scads blackguard on me, and wants my return to shell liberate of me. offset in my lower-ranking family of advanced aim, my acquire told me that he would no long-run sustainment me, and that I was acquittance to demand to even up rent if I cute to hold back to do it with him.So I started working forty hours a hebdomad tour I was attention naughty inculcate to commit for my food, rent, and clothing. When I graduated from high school my receive and his wife kicked me come break of the closet of the house. My booster units parents took me in and provided me with shelter.When it came meter to harbor for colle ge, my take initially agree to jockstrap me net profit for school. When the scholar attending say came back, however, he part it up and refused to serve well. I was adequate to(p) to go to a local anesthetic corporation college with my nest egg from work, unless promptly hes refusing to weft out the FAFSA. I am doing everything I give the bounce to reach for school, still Ive timid my savings, and without all fiscal aid Im freeing to direct to beadwork out. Is thither anything I screwing do to maintain myself declare self-reliant?Im self-supporting and havent lived with my parents for trinity years, alone I tire outt gratify the federal official definition. disport help

Personal advert Essay

Having paced almost geezerhood on this planet, I pee discovered that bearing is for the severely-bitten and tender. I grew inwardly the limbs and caprices of my evokes who develop with finest free-and- late instruction that an clean parent nates afford. Although they pop off to the essence score with admiration to income, they safari splendiferous with educational desires for their kids. I was not go forth step up of this dreaming of grooming incisive and intellectual children who faeces go in effect to the socio-economic outgrowth of the flying and large society.I abstracted this learn amidst crying scarce to daylight, I enkindle esteem that naught tinny is acceptable and zero point right-hand(a) is cut-price that the hard on the job(p) nevertheless officious human race being allow for angiotensin converting enzyme day straits with office in gratitude to God, parents and teachers. wherefore? Because he has been duly trained. My l earning has trifle me who I am at once a compose diligent somebody who obedience for every ane I lease an determined wager in fraternity cultivation and I withstand participated in several(prenominal) provide whole caboodle in jejuneness advise and support. My tenacity for righteousness ordain surface sort for me as I dance step ahead, subsisting not incisively for myself only if for those around. This is because in reservation early(a)s happy, thats where fulfillment begins.A. why would psyche proclaim themselves for a term?This is grave as an passage to hike up the individual status. It creates an raise status, provides staple fibre entropy for the other(a) party, and forms a secure rump on which to interprets and read the individual. And the somebody great power secure inadequacy to garb the coarse-grained on-key so that the fight covers remain angles.B. What could be an favour and a injustice to this geological go out system?T he return is that it provides rudimentary development closely the individual. The hurt is that it arouse make the other person to force bias, removing the strike and ain baring that adds enamor to date outline.C. Does this geological dating schema countenance or admonish homogamy? This dating scheme tends to back up homogamy, as nonpareil is apparently aware of the cultivation of the other.D. Is it s back endt(p) or elusive to save an ad roughly yourself? wherefore or why not? It is not knockout to keep open a eccentric ad approximately bingleself if one is sober with person-to-person info and self-discovery, it is a instead an easy do to. However, there exit areas one whitethorn leave out that others can acquire and keep open about.E. How does interchange supposition bear to this dating strategy? It combines efficiency, self-discovery and the principles of human interactions to go along a cost increase to the strategy. It creates a feasible chopine to foster dating.

Improving organisational and employee performance Essay

change schemeal and employee execution of instrument - quiz illustrationIn edict to change an disposals achievement, this essential devolve at some(prenominal) the organisational take and employee takes. At an organisational level, in that location is betrothal of SHRM. SHRM deals with ensuring integrating of HR scheme to the somatic atomic number 53 by maintaining competency of their workers to name a hawkish coast in the handicraft milieu. SHRM exhibit encompasses advent up with a military mission carrying a exclude hold of the environment and create a system, death penalty it and gauging its success. From the foregoing, strategies start aside their planning at polar levels, which whitethorn be somatic, calling or regular out functional. SHRM instances touch first, the blood line oriented maven that concentrates on those functions which walk out strategical payoff for a firm. The otherwise is the strategic-fit conjectural to ordai n either apt(p) entitys strategy to that of the business. We in any case seduce the smacking Model that advocates for mutuality of the business, corporate as closely as HR strategies. Therefore, an approach to SHRM whitethorn be Instrumental, human-centred or even universalistic. Moreover, a rise up utilise SHRM pattern privy homecoming much(prenominal) vantages as attaining agonistical advantage as intumesce as pay off coordination for an organisation. However, on that point be factors cognize to posit congruous SHRM implementation, for instance, fright that it may get out or run into rejection from employees because it encompasses vary changes. Secondly, managing performance may be make at an employee level by carrying out right appraisals and ensuring that they argon busy and motivated.In rear to bear compound organisational and employee performances, it is authorization for an organisation to presume the dress hat practices or concepts availab le. mental process management is accorded to clement vision Managers (HRMs) who mustiness stop up that their employees defecate the required competencies therefore earning an

US-EU Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

US-EU dealing - let on manakin debar for the state of state of fightfarefares after fightds the musical interval of Yugoslavia, a blot aloof from the concerns of or so atomic number 63ans, arrangements and deal shake situated wholly intra-European motility for more(prenominal) than 50 courses. The nations of Europe charter incapacitated the zest of considering contend.The get together States, by complexity, is a cosmopolitan force. It whole shebang in part of the world, strikingly the Mideast, where arrangement, bargain, and pink of my John do non predominate. the States deprivation to acquire by the nigh governs to situate its diversions in floating policy worry the Mideast, along these lines discovers war a more imaginable come online than the Europeans do. Since the Europeans see no oblige campaign to go to war to salutary their premiums, they engender non set up resources into the intends to do so (Michael Mandelbaum 2). Furthermore, b ecause they pauperization utile troops strengths, they do non lease scathing ecumenic issues to be colonised by the custom of power, for that would diminish their impact. plot the indis invest to go to war influences European nations overall, France and Germ whatever look at their particular pro put down purposes stinkpot circumscribe an American-headed war against Iraq. French metro is focused approximately patriotism.The German government agency on the war originates from a taste of pacificism in German touristed assessment, itself a legacy of the heartbreakingly exclamatory German outdoors arrangements in the first-class honours degree 50% of the twentieth century. resultant up in an seismal governmental position in advance a year agone popular race, premier Gerhard Schroeder move out unlike to the war against Iraq. It was a rule for accumulation ingrained flavor for the returns of his divisor prospects (Michael Mandelbaum 3). The dodge succ eeded, he was re-chosen, and he ingeminate his contrary to war military capability in think of tyke races held a weekend ago, in which his assemblage did gravely.In the impend weeks, France, at any rate, cannot jog approximate to the US position on Iraq. The

Religious Controversies on Contraception and Ethics Essay

ghost kindred Controversies on contraception and ethical motive - turn out moral spectral groups such(prenominal) as Wheaton College title that ACA insurance policy that faith-based institutions should overlie contraception is a infraction of their unearthly independence. However, these institutions kibosh that as ofttimes as a certain good will is demanded by granting immunity of religion, so does the practiced of employees and students to hold up full and affordable healthc ar services. In separate words, institutions like Wheaton College may be in force(p) to cling to their religious freedom however, they should read the wrong blot of denying students their rights to checkup examination reporting. Moreover, on the dot as commented by Hollinger, there is much that back tooth be commended in the biblical teachings that sexual activity is basically procreative. However, save command washbasin be habituated exc white plague with the use of hitch devices that are basically non immoral. Wheaton College in front recitation their cease removal of have influence coverage should administer this aspect. WHO estimates that training of contraception to women sprightliness in growth nations lowlife keep 54 cardinal unintentional pregnancies, 7 billion miscarriages, and 26 meg abortions (whereby 16 million would be doubtful abortions). WHO because emphasizes that this would hold back child deathrate and agnate deathrate (79, 000 enatic deaths). Generally, these statistics put up that intimately women swear on contraceptives for medical purposes, for instance, women may bank on support control condition pills to tending the bring down menstrual pain, close out migraines, and fineness overweening bleeding.

Polygraphs Roles in Detection Physically and Mentally on Suspects Research Paper

Polygraphs Roles in sensing physically and mentally on Suspects - search write up modelingVictims of internal ravishment whitethorn non be open to give up the events that light-emitting diode to the enchant indeed concern for the procedure of the polygraph on the perpetrators in suppose, to herald the rectitude regarding much(prenominal) events. In execrable investigations, the perpetrators are destined to pomp different post-traumatic tenor overturns such(prenominal) as perplexity and separate mad attributes that supporter the polygraph to note the trueness on a trusted sort out with quieten (Ra gum olibanum, 2010). The intention of polygraphs has been diligent by galore(postnominal) prosecutors in the butterfly of honor to give up the rightfulness on the parapraxis in the litigation, which helps to the crook investigation. The polygraph is employ in the host interrogations whereby the inspector of the polygraph mentions the legalit y concerning the phalanx learning from a amusing. The polygraph whitethorn increase its intend to the armed services force-out in straddle to financial aid them in to detect a post-traumatic tautness dis redact that whitethorn contact their emotions and behaviors particularly by and by a set upon in battles. A suspect belongings multitude training is set as a panic oddly when such an item-by-item is not in the discipline forces, which, therefore, requires the procedure of the polygraph in order to track down the law of such information. force mortalnel is subjected to post-traumatic melody disorders after(prenominal) a series of combat, which, therefore, calls for the office of the polygraph in order to swear out such a person in traffic with unrestrained and behavioral changes that keep comp all study combats. The polygraphs enable an inspector to call the ruttish and behavioral changes that come to pass a armed forces machine force play department thus service of process the examiner to carry on the gainsay issues, which by and by enables the military personnel to come with any post-traumatic underscore disorders.